{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T05:11:22Z","timestamp":1773378682210,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Pennsylvania","award":["U18DP006521"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006521"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006597","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U18DP006512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006597","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001126","name":"Geisinger","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U18DP006509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008113","name":"Indiana University\u2013Purdue University at Indianapolis","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U18DP006500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008113","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008899","name":"University of South Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U18DP006513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006513"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kaiser Foundation Hospitals","award":["U18DP006506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006506"]}]},{"name":"Lurie Children\u2019s","award":["U18DP006693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006693"]}]},{"name":"Lurie Children\u2019s","award":["U18DP006694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006694"]}]},{"name":"University of Colorado Component-A","award":["U18DP006517"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006517"]}]},{"name":"University of Colorado Component-B","award":["U18DP006518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006518"]}]},{"name":"Long Island School of Medicine","award":["U18DP006633NYU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006633NYU"]}]},{"name":"PCORI award to the PaTH CDRN","award":["RI-PITT-01-PS1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RI-PITT-01-PS1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We discuss implications of potential ascertainment biases for studies examining diabetes risk following SARS-CoV-2 infection using electronic health records (EHRs). We quantitatively explore sensitivity of results to misclassification of COVID-19 status using data from the U.S.-based Diabetes in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults (DiCAYA) Network on children (\u226417 years) and young adults (18\u201344 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our retrospective case study from the DiCAYA Network, SARS-CoV-2 was identified using labs and diagnoses from June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Patients were followed through December 31, 2022 for new diabetes diagnoses. Sites examined incident diabetes by COVID-19 status using Cox proportional hazards models. Results were pooled in meta-analyses. A bias analysis examined potential impact of COVID-19 misclassification scenarios on results, guided by hypotheses that sensitivity would be &amp;lt;50% and would be higher among those who developed diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of documented COVID-19 was low overall and variable across sites (children: 4.4%-7.7%, young adults: 6.2%-22.7%). Individuals with documented COVID-19 were at higher risk of incident diabetes compared to those with no documented infection, but results were heterogeneous across sites. Findings were highly sensitive to COVID-19 misclassification assumptions. Observed results could be biased away from the null under several differential misclassification scenarios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although EHR-based documentation of COVID-19 was associated with incident diabetes, COVID-19 phenotypes likely had low sensitivity, with considerable variation across sites. Misclassification assumptions strongly impacted interpretation of results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the potential for low phenotype sensitivity and misclassification, caution is warranted when interpreting analyses of COVID-19 and incident diabetes using clinical or administrative databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocaf229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T18:20:27Z","timestamp":1766600427000},"page":"710-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-site analysis of COVID-19 and new-onset diabetes reveals need for improved sensitivity of EHR-based COVID-19 phenotypes\u2014a DiCAYA Network analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1762-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Conderino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H Lester","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger , Danville, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5535-2674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna E","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine , New York, NY,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annemarie G","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger , Danville, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cara M","family":"Nordberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger , Danville, PA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian S","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger , Danville, PA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. 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