{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T11:44:19Z","timestamp":1782906259346,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32570773"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32570773"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Biobanks are essential for intelligent medicine but face fragmentation and heterogeneity. No standardized framework exists for assessing biobank data value using public information; this study addresses this gap.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n We systematically evaluated 94 global biobanks (2010-2024) through a literature review and structured data extraction. Based on 12 international standards, we developed the 5-dimensional SHARE principle (Standardization, Hierarchical structuring, Analytical compatibility, Regulatory compliance, Evolutionary adaptability), operationalized into 10 indicators with a 4-tier scoring system. GPT-4o provided AI-supported prescoring, which was validated by 10 experts and through case studies, including RARPKB.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n The SHARE principle and a classification map of 94 biobanks were generated. AI and expert scoring showed substantial consistency (\u03ba\u2009=\u20090.62; 95% CI, 0.54-0.70). Biobanks were categorized into 4 tiers: Traditional (60-69), Data-Driven (70-79), Knowledge-Guided (80-89), and Generative and Reasoning-oriented Biobank (90-100). Case validation confirmed utility for disease-specific biobanks.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n We highlight the principal findings, critically examine the reliance on public documentation, propose mitigation strategies, and discuss indicator weighting and implications for translational informatics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The SHARE principle provides a scalable, standardized method for assessing biobank data value, supporting biobank development, resource discovery, and the development of AI-driven biomedical ecosystems for intelligent medicine.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocag052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T11:30:49Z","timestamp":1774956649000},"page":"1333-1344","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biobanking for intelligent medicine: assessment and evaluation with the SHARE principle"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0162-5611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amin","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, University of A Coru\u00f1a, Campus Elvi\u00f1a s\/n 15071, A Coru\u00f1a,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiakun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2899-1531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bairong","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13091390","article-title":"Revolutionizing cancer research: the impact of artificial intelligence in digital biobanking","volume":"13","author":"Frascarelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-024-00794-y","article-title":"Biobanking with genetics shapes precision medicine and global health","volume":"26","author":"Gallagher","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4132\/jptm.2024.11.04","article-title":"Professional biobanking education in Korea based on ISO 20387","volume":"59","author":"Kim","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Pathol Transl Med"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2024.0127","article-title":"25 years of ISBER: a personal perspective","volume":"22","author":"Vaught","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1021\/pr200021n","article-title":"Biospecimen reporting for improved study quality (BRISQ)","volume":"10","author":"Moore","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2024.0151","article-title":"The evolution of conservation biobanking: a literature review and analysis of terminology, taxa, location, and strategy of wildlife biobanks over time","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B7","author":"OpenAI","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91387","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v14.i4.91387","article-title":"Biobanks and biomarkers: their current and future role in biomedical research","volume":"14","author":"Colwill","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Methodol"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-024-00796-w","article-title":"Genomic landscape of cancer in racially and ethnically diverse populations","volume":"26","author":"Thomas","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ddaf033","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaf033","article-title":"Multiomics and tumor banking: comprehensive platforms-integrating cancer diversity, biomarker discovery and personalised cancer care in India","author":"Mohanty","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech13030034","article-title":"Data management in biobanking: strategies, challenges, and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Alkhatib","year":"2024","journal-title":"BioTech (Basel)"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194997","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194997","article-title":"The author who wasn\u2019t there? Fairness and attribution in publications following access to population biobanks","volume":"13","author":"Kleiderman","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04891-8","article-title":"Standardizing digital biobanks: integrating imaging, genomic, and clinical data for precision medicine","volume":"22","author":"Brancato","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.6026\/973206300200029","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in Immuno-genetics","volume":"20","author":"Farzan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinformation"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202417066","article-title":"Autonomous Self-Evolving Research on Biomedical Data: The DREAM Paradigm[J]","volume-title":"Adv Sci","author":"Deng","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.1985.4767702","article-title":"A general expert system design for diagnostic problem solving","volume":"7","author":"Fink","year":"1985","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/pcmedi\/pbab007","article-title":"The fourth scientific discovery paradigm for precision medicine and healthcare: challenges ahead","volume":"4","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Precis Clin Med"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0128","article-title":"Normative neuroimaging library: designing a comprehensive and demographically diverse dataset of healthy controls to support traumatic brain injury diagnostic and therapeutic development","volume":"41","author":"Gage","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B19","author":"Iacomussi","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.3c01304","article-title":"Comprehensive review of drug-drug interaction prediction based on machine learning: current status, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"64","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Chem Inf Model"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2024.2448711","article-title":"The biomedical applications of artificial intelligence: an overview of decades of research","volume":"33","author":"Naskar","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Drug Target"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B22","author":"Liquete","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3390\/biotech10030013","article-title":"New challenges for biobanks: accreditation to the new ISO 20387:2018 standard specific for biobanks","volume":"10","author":"De Blasio","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioTech (Basel)"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2018.29040.zjk","article-title":"ISBER best practices fourth edition: a success story","volume":"16","author":"Kozlakidis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B25","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocols","author":"Barry","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPWPBF62YGEFOR","article-title":"An examination of the usefulness of repeat testing practices in a large hospital clinical chemistry laboratory","volume":"137","author":"Deetz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.2174\/138620711796957161","article-title":"Challenges in small screening laboratories: implementing an on-demand laboratory information management system","volume":"14","author":"Lemmon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comb Chem High Throughput Screen"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B28","first-page":"149","article-title":"Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals: writing and editing for biomedical publication International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Updated October 2005","volume":"38","author":"Editors ICoMJ","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577529","DOI":"10.3389\/frai.2025.1577529","article-title":"The imperative of diversity and equity for the adoption of responsible AI in healthcare","volume":"8","author":"Hilling","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Artif Intell"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7877","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5556","article-title":"Circulating gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and risk of pancreatic cancer: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank","volume":"12","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B31","first-page":"20190037","article-title":"The current state of artificial intelligence in medical imaging and nuclear medicine","volume":"1","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJR Open"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00397-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity, 1990\u20132021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"405","author":"Kerr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-022-10251-y","article-title":"Toward AI governance: identifying best practices and potential barriers and outcomes","volume":"25","author":"Papagiannidis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3152","article-title":"Current status and future directions: the application of artificial intelligence\/machine learning for precision medicine","volume":"115","author":"Naik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20539517241303128","DOI":"10.1177\/20539517241303128","article-title":"Mapping materials, drawing Europe: sample and data quality and accessibility in the biobanking infrastructure BBMRI-ERIC","volume":"12","author":"Aarden","year":"2025","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.61186\/ist.202401.01.08","article-title":"AI-enhanced health tools for revolutionizing hypertension management and blood pressure control","volume":"1","author":"Faezi","year":"2024","journal-title":"InfoScience Trends"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03558-1","article-title":"Evolution, genetic diversity, and health","volume":"31","author":"Palma-Martinez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-024-01357-9","article-title":"Generative AI in healthcare: an implementation science informed translational path on application, integration and governance","volume":"19","author":"Reddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B39","first-page":"e83243","article-title":"Statins and thyroid eye disease: a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort analysis","volume":"17","author":"Barnett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000001290","article-title":"RARPKB: a knowledge-guide decision support platform for personalized robot-assisted surgery in prostate cancer","volume":"110","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bbae136","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbae136","article-title":"PCAO2: an ontology for integration of prostate cancer associated genotypic, phenotypic and lifestyle data","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2218\/ijdc.v18i1.950","article-title":"Artificial intelligence assisted curation of population groups in biomedical literature","volume":"18","author":"Landry","year":"2024","journal-title":"IJDC"},{"key":"2026063015355132100_ocag052-B43","first-page":"i","article-title":"Generative AI and prompt engineering: the art of whispering to let the genie out of the algorithmic world","volume":"18","author":"Bozkurt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Asian J Distance Educ"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocag052\/68167230\/ocag052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/33\/7\/1333\/68167230\/ocag052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/33\/7\/1333\/68167230\/ocag052.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T10:47:32Z","timestamp":1782902852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article\/33\/7\/1333\/8663111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocag052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-5027","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]}}}