{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T01:58:04Z","timestamp":1785808684949,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Science Awards","award":["UL1TR004419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR004419"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether large language model (LLM)-based clinical trial screening judgments vary by patient sociodemographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of Phase II-III US adult randomized controlled trial (RCT) protocols (2023-2024). Physician-validated clinical vignettes were evaluated in a control version and 33 sociodemographic identity variants differing only by labels. Nine LLMs assessed eligibility and related domains. Mixed-effects models estimated adjusted differences vs control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across 58 protocols and 5.3 million evaluations, eligibility judgments were largely stable across identities. Race and ethnicity showed minimal effects after accounting for socioeconomic status. Homelessness produced the largest negative eligibility shift and pronounced effects in adherence, resources, and trust.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLMs applied explicit eligibility criteria consistently, but disparities emerged in domains requiring inference about behavior or resources, underscoring the need for careful deployment to promote fair trial access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocag058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T11:42:57Z","timestamp":1775907777000},"page":"1504-1509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sociodemographic bias in large language model clinical trial screening"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7853-2029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelly","family":"Soffer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rabin Medical Center: 39 Jabotinski St., Petah Tikva 49100, Israel"},{"name":"Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0438-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmud","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Windreich Department of AI and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10019,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orly","family":"Efros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gray School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, 69978,","place":["Israel"]},{"name":"National Hemophilia Center and Thrombosis & Hemostasis Institute, Sheba Medical Center , Ramat Gan, 52621,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6217-1620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald U","family":"Apakama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Windreich Department of AI and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10019,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY, 10029,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY, 10029,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3429-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aya","family":"Mudrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be\u2019er Sheva 8410501,","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4946-6533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Windreich Department of AI and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10019,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish N","family":"Nadkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Windreich Department of AI and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10019,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyal","family":"Klang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Windreich Department of AI and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10019,","place":["United 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