{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T19:19:36Z","timestamp":1775330376610,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,5]],"date-time":"2016-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":274,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective Reinventing data extraction from electronic health records (EHRs) to meet new analytical needs is slow and expensive. However, each new data research network that wishes to support its own analytics tends to develop its own data model. Joining these different networks without new data extraction, transform, and load (ETL) processes can reduce the time and expense needed to participate. The Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) project supports data network interoperability through an ontology-driven approach. We use i2b2 as a hub, to rapidly reconfigure data to meet new analytical requirements without new ETL programming.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods Our 12-site National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) Clinical Data Research Network (CDRN) uses i2b2 to query data. We developed a process to generate a PCORnet Common Data Model (CDM) physical database directly from existing i2b2 systems, thereby supporting PCORnet analytic queries without new ETL programming. This involved: a formalized process for representing i2b2 information models (the specification of data types and formats); an information model that represents CDM Version 1.0; and a program that generates CDM tables, driven by this information model. This approach is generalizable to any logical information model.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results Eight PCORnet CDRN sites have implemented this approach and generated a CDM database without a new ETL process from the EHR. This enables federated querying within the CDRN and compatibility with the national PCORnet Distributed Research Network.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Discussion We have established a way to adapt i2b2 to new information models without requiring changes to the underlying data. Eight Scalable Collaborative Infrastructure for a Learning Health System sites vetted this methodology, resulting in a network that, at present, supports research on 10 million patients\u2019 data.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion New analytical requirements can be quickly and cost-effectively supported by i2b2 without creating new data extraction processes from the EHR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,6]],"date-time":"2016-02-06T03:04:19Z","timestamp":1454727859000},"page":"909-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Data interchange using i2b2"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey G","family":"Klann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Abend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Autoimmune Registry, New York, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"Vijay A","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D","family":"Mandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Shawn N","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partners Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6947-9-31","article-title":"Security and privacy requirements for a multi-institutional cancer research data grid: an 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reality","volume":"21","author":"Collins","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.1998.0050511","article-title":"Data extraction and ad hoc query of an entity-attribute-value database","volume":"5","author":"Nadkarni","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2014-002727","article-title":"Scalable Collaborative Infrastructure for a Learning Healthcare System (SCILHS): Architecture","volume":"21","author":"Mandl","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc.."},{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2336","article-title":"Design considerations, architecture, and use of the Mini-Sentinel distributed data system","volume":"21","author":"Curtis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safety."},{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B9","first-page":"1668","article-title":"Techniques for federating queries across different ontologies in i2b2","author":"Abend","year":"2011","journal-title":"AMIA Annual Meeting Proceedings."},{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B10","author":"Connolly"},{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B11","author":"Phillips"},{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B12","author":"Klann"},{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B13","author":"FHIR"},{"key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B14"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020110612382352400_ocv188-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2014-002707","article-title":"Query Health: standards-based, cross-platform population health surveillance","volume":"21","author":"Klann","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics 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