{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T22:29:08Z","timestamp":1769725748786,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01HG009455-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01HG009455-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The College of American Pathologists (CAP) introduced the first cancer synoptic reporting protocols in 1998. However, the objective of a fully computable and machine-readable cancer synoptic report remains elusive due to insufficient definitional content in Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine \u2013 Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC). To address this terminology gap, investigators at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) are developing, authoring, and testing a SNOMED CT observable ontology to represent the data elements identified by the synoptic worksheets of CAP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Investigators along with collaborators from the US National Library of Medicine, CAP, the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization, and the UK Health and Social Care Information Centre analyzed and assessed required data elements for colorectal cancer and invasive breast cancer synoptic reporting. SNOMED CT concept expressions were developed at UNMC in the Nebraska Lexicon\u00a9 SNOMED CT namespace. LOINC codes for each SNOMED CT expression were issued by the Regenstrief Institute. SNOMED CT concepts represented observation answer value sets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>UNMC investigators created a total of 194 SNOMED CT observable entity concept definitions to represent required data elements for CAP colorectal and breast cancer synoptic worksheets, including biomarkers. Concepts were bound to colorectal and invasive breast cancer reports in the UNMC pathology system and successfully used to populate a UNMC biobank.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The absence of a robust observables ontology represents a barrier to data capture and reuse in clinical areas founded upon observational information. Terminology developed in this project establishes the model to characterize pathology data for information exchange, public health, and research analytics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T03:11:23Z","timestamp":1503976283000},"page":"259-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A computable pathology report for precision medicine: extending an observables ontology unifying SNOMED CT and LOINC"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Walter S","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Karlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Daniel J","family":"Vreeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regenstrief Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}]},{"given":"Audrey J","family":"Lazenby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A","family":"Talmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}]},{"given":"James R","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21282","article-title":"Standardized synoptic cancer pathology reporting: a population-based approach","volume":"99","author":"Srigley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(91)90209-8","article-title":"Synoptic surgical pathology reporting","volume":"22","author":"Markel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Pathol."},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B3","volume-title":"An Overview of the College of American Pathologists Cancer Checklist"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B4","volume-title":"Cancer Datasets and Tissue Pathways"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B5","volume-title":"RCPA Cancer Protocols"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B6","volume-title":"International Collaborative on Cancer Reporting\/Datasets"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B7","volume-title":"ACS Commission on Cancer Releases Updated Standards Manual"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B8","volume-title":"The Partnership Launches Electronic Synoptic Pathology Reporting Initiative (ESPRI) to Advance Pan-Canadian Standardized Cancer Pathology Reporting"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B9","volume-title":"Cancer Protocols Frequently Asked Questions"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B10","first-page":"11","article-title":"Current status of discrete data capture in synoptic surgical pathology and cancer reporting","volume":"7","author":"Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLMI."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B11","first-page":"394","article-title":"Desiderata for controlled medical vocabularies in the twenty-first century","volume":"37","author":"Cimino","year":"1998","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med."},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B12","volume-title":"Report on the Reporting Pathology Protocols for Breast and Prostate Cancers, and Melanomas","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2009"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B13","volume-title":"Report on the Reporting Pathology Protocols for Colon and Rectum Cancers Project","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2005"},{"key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B14","volume-title":"Report on the Reporting Pathology Protocols Project for Breast and Prostate Cancers and Melanomas \u2013 Executive Summary","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B15","first-page":"71","article-title":"Coding systems in health care","volume":"1","author":"Cimino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Yearb Med Inform."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020110612224784900_ocx097-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1136\/jamia.1996.96310636","article-title":"The content coverage of clinical classifications. 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