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Despite previous efforts utilizing computerized methods to monitor medication errors, sustaining effective and accurate detection of MAEs remains challenging. In this study, we developed a real-time MAE detection system and evaluated its performance prior to system integration into institutional workflows.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our prospective observational study included automated MAE detection of 10 high-risk medications and fluids for patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center during a 4-month period. The automated system extracted real-time medication use information from the institutional electronic health records and identified MAEs using logic-based rules and natural language processing techniques. The MAE summary was delivered via a real-time messaging platform to promote reduction of patient exposure to potential harm. System performance was validated using a physician-generated gold standard of MAE events, and results were compared with those of current practice (incident reporting and trigger tools).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physicians identified 116 MAEs from 10\u2009104 medication administrations during the study period. Compared to current practice, the sensitivity with automated MAE detection was improved significantly from 4.3% to 85.3% (P\u2009=\u2009.009), with a positive predictive value of 78.0%. Furthermore, the system showed potential to reduce patient exposure to harm, from 256\u2009min to 35\u2009min (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The automated system demonstrated improved capacity for identifying MAEs while guarding against alert fatigue. It also showed promise for reducing patient exposure to potential harm following MAE events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,18]],"date-time":"2017-12-18T20:24:08Z","timestamp":1513628648000},"page":"555-563","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Designing and evaluating an automated system for real-time medication administration error detection in a neonatal intensive care unit"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yizhao","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Lingren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric S","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Melton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric S","family":"Kirkendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA"},{"name":"James M. 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