{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:57:57Z","timestamp":1773280677367,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patient portal functionalities, such as patient\u2013physician e-communication, can benefit patients by improving clinical outcomes. Utilization has historically been low but may have increased in recent years due to the implementation of Stage 2 Meaningful Use for electronic health records. This study has 2 objectives: 1) to compare patient portal utilization rates before Stage 2 (2011\u20132013) and after Stage 2 (2014\u20132017), and 2) to examine whether disparities in patient portal utilization attenuate after Stage 2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted an observational study using a pooled cross-sectional analysis of 2011\u20132017 National Health Interview Survey data (n\u2009=\u2009254 183).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean percent use of patient portals significantly increased from the pre-Stage 2 to the post-Stage 2 period (6.9%, 95% CI, 6.2\u20137.5; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Non-Hispanic Black individuals (OR 0.81, 95% CI, 0.76\u20130.86; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001) and Hispanic individuals (OR 0.79, 95% CI, 0.74\u20130.84; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001) have lower odds of using patient portals compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. Although we found independent effects of race\/ethnicity, we did not find a statistically significant interaction between race\/ethnicity and time. We found a similar level of increase in patient portal utilization from the pre- to postperiod across racial and ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Health care policies such as Stage 2 Meaningful Use are likely contributing to increased patient portal utilization across all patients and helping to attenuate disparities in utilization between subgroups of patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Further research is needed to explore which patient portal functionalities are perceived as most beneficial to patients and whether patients have access to those functionalities.<\/jats:p>\n               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USA"}]},{"given":"Sandhya","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}]},{"given":"Jinhai","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Arch G","family":"Mainous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2020110613065269200_ocz030-B1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"What is eHealth (3): a systematic review of published 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