{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:18:59Z","timestamp":1776961139378,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,27]],"date-time":"2019-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sought to explore to what extent geolocation data has been used to study serious mental illness (SMI). SMIs such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are characterized by fluctuating symptoms and sudden relapse. Currently, monitoring of people with an SMI is largely done through face-to-face visits. Smartphone-based geolocation sensors create opportunities for continuous monitoring and early intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus by combining terms related to geolocation and smartphones with SMI concepts. Study selection and data extraction were done in duplicate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen publications describing 16 studies were included in our review. Eleven studies focused on bipolar disorder. Common geolocation-derived digital biomarkers were number of locations visited (n\u2009=\u20098), distance traveled (n\u2009=\u20098), time spent at prespecified locations (n\u2009=\u20097), and number of changes in GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) cell (n\u2009=\u20094). Twelve of 14 publications evaluating clinical aspects found an association between geolocation-derived digital biomarker and SMI concepts, especially mood. Geolocation-derived digital biomarkers were more strongly associated with SMI concepts than other information (eg, accelerometer data, smartphone activity, self-reported symptoms). However, small sample sizes and short follow-up warrant cautious interpretation of these findings: of all included studies, 7 had a sample of fewer than 10 patients and 11 had a duration shorter than 12 weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The growing body of evidence for the association between SMI concepts and geolocation-derived digital biomarkers shows potential for this instrument to be used for continuous monitoring of patients in their everyday lives, but there is a need for larger studies with longer follow-up times.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T22:08:27Z","timestamp":1553724507000},"page":"1412-1420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Digital biomarkers from geolocation data in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Fraccaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Hartree Centre STFC Laboratory, IBM Research UK, Warrington, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Beukenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Sperrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Jasper","family":"Palmier-Claus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Sh\u00f4n","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology & Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Sabine N","family":"Van der Veer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"},{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B1","author":"Interim update: Ericsson mobility report","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv132","article-title":"Mobile phone ownership and endorsement of \u201cmHealth\u201d among people with psychosis: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies","volume":"42","author":"Firth","year":"2016","journal-title":"SCHBUL"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2.","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.2994","article-title":"Smartphone ownership and interest in mobile applications to monitor symptoms of mental health conditions","volume":"2","author":"Torous","year":"2014","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2014.951479","article-title":"mHealth and memory aids: levels of smartphone ownership in patients","volume":"24","author":"Migo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.05.002","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment and beyond: the rising interest in e-mental health research","volume":"80","author":"Firth","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1159\/000477382","article-title":"The new digital divide for digital biomarkers","volume":"1","author":"Torous","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digit Biomarkers"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.142612","article-title":"Technological innovations in mental healthcare: harnessing the digital revolution","volume":"206","author":"Hollis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2622","article-title":"Why psychiatry needs data science and data science needs psychiatry: Connecting with technology","volume":"73","author":"Torous","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000285","article-title":"The digital mental health revolution: opportunities and risks","volume":"40","author":"Tal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2015.1619","article-title":"Building the mental health workforce capacity needed to treat adults with serious mental illnesses","volume":"35","author":"Olfson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.11295","article-title":"Digital phenotyping","volume":"318","author":"Insel","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv165","article-title":"Self-monitoring practices, attitudes, and needs of individuals with bipolar disorder: implications for the design of technologies to manage mental health","volume":"23","author":"Murnane","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16.","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.5165","article-title":"New tools for new research in psychiatry: a scalable and customizable platform to empower data driven smartphone research","volume":"3","author":"Torous","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00241-X","article-title":"Bipolar disorder","volume":"387","author":"Grande","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10039","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01121-6","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"388","author":"Owen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00131746-200107000-00006","article-title":"Seven keys to relapse prevention in schizophrenia","volume":"7","author":"Lamberti","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Pract"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B17","author":"National Health System. Care for people with mental health problems (Care Programme Approach)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18.","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-10-18","article-title":"The importance of measuring psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Brissos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07020311","article-title":"Intensive psychosocial intervention enhances functioning in patients with bipolar depression: results from a 9-month randomized controlled trial","volume":"164","author":"Miklowitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.157.6.853","article-title":"The Social Functioning Scale. The development and validation of a new scale of social adjustment for use in family intervention programmes with schizophrenic patients","volume":"157","author":"Birchwood","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.7","article-title":"Harnessing smartphone-based digital phenotyping to enhance behavioral and mental health","volume":"41","author":"Onnela","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-017-0110-8","article-title":"Smartphone-based objective monitoring in bipolar disorder: status and considerations","volume":"6:","author":"Faurholt-Jepsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B23","author":"Raine","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-010-0711-z","article-title":"Design-in-play: improving the variability of indoor pervasive games","volume":"59","author":"Guo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-01820-6_5","volume-title":"Rannenberg K, Royer D, Deuker A, eds. The Future of Identity in the Information Society","author":"Royer","year":"2009"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-39959-3_12","article-title":"Location-aware information delivery with commotion","author":"Marmasse","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-003-0240-0","article-title":"Using GPS to learn significant locations and predict movement across multiple users","volume":"7","author":"Ashbrook","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pers Ubiquitous Comput"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B28","first-page":"5:1","article-title":"Recommending friends and locations based on individual location history","volume":"5 (1)","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"ACM Trans Web"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B29","first-page":"31","article-title":"GeoLife User Guide 1.2","volume":"2","author":"Description","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microsoft Reasearch Asia"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B30","author":"Foursquare"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B31","first-page":"502","article-title":"Safe step: a real-time gps tracking and analysis system for criminal activities using ankle bracelets","author":"Daubal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy071","article-title":"Using mobile location data in biomedical research while preserving privacy","volume":"25","author":"Goldenholz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-018-0022-8","article-title":"Characterizing the clinical relevance of digital phenotyping data quality with applications to a cohort with schizophrenia","volume":"1:","author":"Torous","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2014.08.003","article-title":"Automatically recognizing places of interest from unreliable GPS data using spatio-temporal density estimation and line intersections","volume":"19","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob Comput"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.06.046","article-title":"Use of global positioning systems to study physical activity and the environment: a systematic review","volume":"41:","author":"Krenn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356\u201364","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2014.78","article-title":"Using smartphones to collect time\u2013activity data for long-term personal-level air pollution exposure assessment","volume":"26","author":"Glasgow","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000355669","article-title":"Measuring life space in older adults with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease using mobile phone GPS","volume":"60","author":"Tung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10131.","DOI":"10.2196\/10131","article-title":"Using mobile phone sensor technology for mental health research: integrated analysis to identify hidden challenges and potential solutions","volume":"20","author":"Boonstra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B39","author":"Google. Google Maps API"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B40","author":"OpenStreetMap API"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B41","first-page":"324","article-title":"Out-of-home activity recognition from GPS data in schizophrenic patients","author":"Difrancesco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems. Department of Industrial and Information Engineering"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000100.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B43","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 510","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2011"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B44","author":"U.S. National Library of Medicine. MEDLINE"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B45","author":"American Psychological association. PsycINFO"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B46","author":"Elsevier"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191116656794","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a smartphone-based measure of social rhythms for bipolar disorder","volume":"23","author":"Matthews","year":"2016","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B48","first-page":"189","article-title":"Clinician variations in data trust and use","volume":"183","author":"Courtney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2014.2343154","article-title":"Smartphone-based recognition of states and state changes in bipolar disorder patients","volume":"19","author":"Gr\u00fcnerbl","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2017.10.017","article-title":"Enhancing early psychosis treatment using smartphone technology: a longitudinal feasibility and validity study","volume":"96","author":"Niendam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res. England"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3233\/THC-2010-0590","article-title":"Towards personalised ambient monitoring of mental health via mobile technologies","volume":"18","author":"Prociow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Technol Health Care"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B52","first-page":"5484","article-title":"Development of mobile psychiatry for bipolar disorder patients","author":"Prociow","year":"2010","journal-title":"Conference Proceedings: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society;"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1145\/2493432.2493507","article-title":"Supporting disease insight through data analysis: refinements of the MONARCA self-assessment system","author":"Frost","year":"2013","journal-title":"UbiComp 2013 - Proceedings of the 2013 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2014.03.009","article-title":"Smartphone data as objective measures of bipolar disorder symptoms","volume":"217","author":"Faurholt-Jepsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1502","article-title":"Behavioral activities collected through smartphones and the association with illness activity in bipolar disorder","volume":"25","author":"Faurholt-Jepsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv200","article-title":"Automatic detection of social rhythms in bipolar disorder","volume":"23","author":"Abdullah","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B57","first-page":"324","article-title":"Out-of-home activity recognition from GPS data in schizophrenic patients","author":"Difrancesco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.2196\/mental.4560","article-title":"Using smartphones to monitor bipolar disorder symptoms: a pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Beiwinkel","year":"2016","journal-title":"JMIR Ment Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2016.2611862","article-title":"Detecting bipolar depression from geographic location data","volume":"64","author":"Palmius","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0030-z","article-title":"Relapse prediction in schizophrenia through digital phenotyping: a pilot study","volume":"43","author":"Barnett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.4017\/gt.2016.14.2.006.00","article-title":"An ecological momentary sampling tool for movement patterns and psychiatric symptom variability: a pilot study","volume":"14","author":"King","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerontechnology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500130","article-title":"Mobile behavioral sensing for outpatients and inpatients with schizophrenia","volume":"67","author":"Ben-Zeev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1145\/2971648.2971740","article-title":"CrossCheck: toward passive sensing and detection of mental health changes in people with schizophrenia","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"UbiComp 2016 - Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700077","article-title":"Use of multimodal technology to identify digital correlates of violence among inpatients with serious mental illness: a pilot study","volume":"68","author":"Ben-Zeev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1037\/prj0000243","article-title":"CrossCheck: integrating self-report, behavioral sensing, and smartphone use to identify digital indicators of psychotic relapse","volume":"40","author":"Ben-Zeev","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatr Rehabil J"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B66","article-title":"Towards smart phone based monitoring of bipolar disorder. In:","volume":"3","author":"Gruenerbl","year":"2012","journal-title":"mHealthSys 2012 - Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Workshop on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services for HealthCare, Co-Held with ACM SenSys 2012"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B67","article-title":"Using smart phone mobility traces for the diagnosis of depressive and manic episodes in bipolar patients","volume":"38","author":"Gruenerbl","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACM International Conference Proceeding Series"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B68","first-page":"116","article-title":"Correlation of significant places with self-reported state of bipolar disorder patients","author":"Sabatelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 4th International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare - \u201cTransforming Healthcare Through Innovations in Mobile and Wireless Technologies\u201d, MOBIHEALTH 2014"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B69","first-page":"226","article-title":"A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters a density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise","author":"Ester","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56","article-title":"A rating scale for depression","volume":"23","author":"Hamilton","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.133.5.429","article-title":"A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity","volume":"133","author":"Young","year":"1978","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01866-8","article-title":"The 16-Item quick inventory of depressive symptomatology (QIDS), clinician rating (QIDS-C), and self-report (QIDS-SR): a psychometric evaluation in patients with chronic major depression","volume":"54","author":"Rush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00548-3","article-title":"The altman self-rating mania scale","volume":"42","author":"Altman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr171","article-title":"Comparing retrospective reports to real-time\/real-place mobile assessments in individuals with schizophrenia and a nonclinical comparison group","volume":"38","author":"Ben-Zeev","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063.","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B76","article-title":"Generalized estimating equations","author":"Hardin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-014-0826-8","article-title":"Impact factor analysis: combining prediction with parameter ranking to reveal the impact of behavior on health outcome","volume":"19","author":"Doryab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers Ubiquit Comput"},{"issue":"12","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.07121953","article-title":"The role of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy in improving occupational functioning in patients with bipolar I disorder","volume":"165","author":"Frank","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e198.","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4581","article-title":"Mobile apps for bipolar disorder: a systematic review of features and content quality","volume":"17","author":"Nicholas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000133","article-title":"Methodology and reporting of mobile heath and smartphone application studies for schizophrenia","volume":"25","author":"Torous","year":"2017","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i1174","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i1174","article-title":"Guidelines for reporting of health interventions using mobile phones: mobile health (mHealth) evidence reporting and assessment (mERA) checklist","volume":"352:","author":"Agarwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B82","author":"PRISMA extensions"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e175.","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4273","article-title":"Mobile phone sensor correlates of depressive symptom severity in daily-life behavior: an exploratory study","volume":"17","author":"Saeb","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1145\/2750858.2805845","article-title":"Trajectories of depression: unobtrusive monitoring of depressive states by means of smartphone mobility traces analysis","author":"Canzian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"2020110613064614300_ocz043-B85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx005","article-title":"Movement patterns in women at risk for perinatal depression: use of a mood-monitoring mobile application in pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Faherty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/26\/11\/1412\/34151772\/ocz043.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article-pdf\/26\/11\/1412\/34151772\/ocz043.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T14:01:43Z","timestamp":1663164103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jamia\/article\/26\/11\/1412\/5480567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocz043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1067-5027","1527-974X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1067-5027","type":"print"},{"value":"1527-974X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]]}}}