{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T20:06:41Z","timestamp":1770149201522,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8-9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35 CA197573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35 CA197573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study sought to determine whether interoperable, electronic health record\u2013based referral (eReferral) produces higher rates of referral and connection to a state tobacco quitline than does fax-based referral, thus addressing low rates of smoking treatment delivery in health care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-three primary care clinics from 2 healthcare systems (A and B) in Wisconsin were randomized, unblinded, over 2016-2017, to 2 smoking treatment referral methods: paper-based fax-to-quit (system A =6, system B = 6) or electronic (eReferral; system A = 5, system B = 6). Both methods referred adult patients who smoked to the Wisconsin Tobacco Quitline. A total of 14 636 smokers were seen in the 2 systems (system A: 54.5% women, mean age 48.2 years; system B: 53.8% women, mean age 50.2 years).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Clinics with eReferral, vs fax-to-quit, referred a higher percentage of adult smokers to the quitline: system A clinic referral rate = 17.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.2%-18.5%) vs 3.8% (95% CI, 3.5%-4.2%) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001); system B clinic referral rate = 18.9% (95% CI, 18.3%-19.6%) vs 5.2% (95% CI, 4.9%-5.6%) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Average rates of quitline connection were higher in eReferral than F2Q clinics: system A\u2009=\u20095.4% (95% CI, 5.0%-5.8%) vs 1.3% (95% CI, 1.1%-1.5%) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001); system B\u2009=\u20095.3% (95% CI, 5.0%-5.7%) vs 2.0% (95% CI, 1.8%-2.2%) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Electronic health record\u2013based eReferral provided an effective, closed-loop, interoperable means of referring patients who smoke to telephone quitline services, producing referral rates 3-4 times higher than the current standard of care (fax referral), including especially high rates of referral of underserved individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>eReferral may help address the challenge of providing smokers with treatment for tobacco use during busy primary care visits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov; No. NCT02735382.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T21:04:19Z","timestamp":1553029459000},"page":"778-786","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["An electronic health record\u2013based interoperable eReferral system to enhance smoking Quitline treatment in primary care"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Fiore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Adsit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Zehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Lundsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Preventive Care Services, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Hartlaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family and Preventive Medicine, Brown Deer, Quality and Safety, Primary Care, Ascension Medical Group, Brown Deer, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Mahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Preventive Care Services, Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Gorrilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Skora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020110613065279600_ocz044-B1","volume-title":"Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update","author":"Fiore","year":"2008"},{"key":"2020110613065279600_ocz044-B2","first-page":"CD000146","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation","volume":"11","author":"Stead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2020110613065279600_ocz044-B3","volume-title":"The health consequences of smoking - 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