{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:22:45Z","timestamp":1781112165499,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We describe the use of an online patient portal to recruit and enroll primary care patients in a randomized trial testing the effectiveness of a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening decision support program. We use multiple logistic regression to identify patient characteristics associated with trial recruitment, enrollment, and engagement. We found that compared to Whites, Blacks had lower odds of viewing the portal message (OR\u2009=\u20090.46, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.37\u20130.57), opening the attached link containing the study material (OR\u2009=\u20090.75, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.62\u20130.92), and consenting to participate in the trial (OR\u2009=\u20090.85, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.67\u20130.93). We also found that compared to Whites, Asians had lower odds of viewing the portal message (OR\u2009=\u20090.53, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.33\u20130.64), opening the attached link containing the study material (OR\u2009=\u20090.76, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.54\u20130.97), consenting to participate in the trial (OR\u2009=\u20090.68, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.53\u20130.95), and completing the trial\u2019s baseline questionnaire (OR\u2009=\u20090.59, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.36\u20130.90). While portals offer an opportunity to mitigate human bias in trial invitations, because of racial disparities\u2014not only in who has a portal account, but in how they interact with trial recruitment and enrollment material within the portal\u2014using portals alone for trial recruitment may generate study samples that are not racially diverse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocz157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,11]],"date-time":"2019-08-11T11:19:04Z","timestamp":1565522344000},"page":"1637-1644","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Challenges and opportunities using online portals to recruit diverse patients to behavioral trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Amir Alishahi","family":"Tabriz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrice Jordan","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Resnicow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Resa M","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A","family":"Flocke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre A","family":"Shires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah T","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Center for Health Communications Research, University of Michigan and Ann Arbor VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Willens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer Elston","family":"Lafata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2020110612592118600_ocz157-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137.","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-3485.184820","article-title":"Challenges in recruitment and retention of clinical trial subjects","volume":"7","author":"Kadam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perspect Clin Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020110612592118600_ocz157-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8.","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4505-13-8","article-title":"Barriers and opportunities for enhancing patient recruitment and retention in clinical research: findings from an interview study in an NHS academic health science centre","volume":"13","author":"Adams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Res Policy Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020110612592118600_ocz157-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198113486805","article-title":"What does it mean to be pragmatic? 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