{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T08:55:26Z","timestamp":1785401726685,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>As an important part of urban landscape research, analyzing and studying street-level greenery can increase the understanding of a city\u2019s greenery, contributing to better urban living environment planning and design. Planning the best path of urban greenery is a means to effectively maximize the use of urban greenery, which plays a positive role in the physical and mental health of urban residents and the path planning of visitors. In this paper, we used Google street view to obtain street view images of Osaka City. The semantic segmentation model is adopted to segment the street view images and analyze the green view index (GVI) of Osaka City. Based on the GVI, we take advantage of the adjacency matrix and Floyd\u2013Warshall algorithm to calculate GVI best path, solving the limitations of ArcGIS software. Our analysis not only allows the calculation of specific routes for the GVI best paths but also realizes the visualization and integration of neighborhood urban greenery. By summarizing all the data, we can conduct an intuitive feeling and objective analysis of the street-level greenery in the research area. Based on this, such as urban residents and visitors can maximize the available natural resources for a better life. The dataset and code are available at https:\/\/github.com\/Jackieam\/GVI-Best-Path.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcde\/qwac102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T14:00:55Z","timestamp":1663596055000},"page":"2010-2023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Analyzing green view index and green view index best path using Google street view and deep learning"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5522-9759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiahao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka 565-0871 , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2644615","article-title":"Segnet: A deep convolutional encoder-decoder architecture for image segmentation","volume":"39","author":"Badrinarayanan","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12020329","article-title":"Integrating remote sensing and street view images to quantify urban forest ecosystem services","volume":"12","author":"Barbierato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sensing"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2021.104217","article-title":"Street view imagery in urban analytics and GIS: A review","volume":"215","author":"Biljecki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2017.05.004","article-title":"OSMnx: New methods for acquiring, constructing, analyzing, and visualizing complex street networks","volume":"65","author":"Boeing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib5","article-title":"An analysis of deep neural network models for practical applications","author":"Canziani","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib6","first-page":"420","article-title":"Using GIS analysis to assess urban green space in terms of accessibility: Case study in Kutahya","volume":"22","author":"Cetin","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib7","first-page":"801","article-title":"Encoder-decoder with atrous separable convolution for semantic image segmentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)","author":"Chen","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib8","first-page":"3213","article-title":"The cityscapes dataset for semantic urban scene understanding","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","author":"Cordts","year":"2016"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.06.030","article-title":"Streetscape greenery and health: Stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators","volume":"94","author":"De\u00a0Vries","year":"2013","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15071367","article-title":"How green are the streets within the sixth ring road of beijing? An analysis based on tencent street view pictures and the green view index","volume":"15","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.3390\/su12104247","article-title":"Role of vegetation as a mitigating factor in the urban context","volume":"12","author":"Ferrini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/vxcp3","volume-title":"The Green Paths route planning software for exposure-optimised travel","author":"Helle","year":"2021"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib13","first-page":"61","article-title":"AllergyLESS. An intelligent recommender system to reduce exposition time to allergens in smart-cities","volume-title":"Distributed Computing and Artificial Intelligence, 15th International Conference.\u00a0DCAI 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Alcaraz","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2022.127480","article-title":"Analyzing the effects of nature exposure on perceived satisfaction with running routes: An activity path-based measure approach","volume":"68","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2018.02.006","article-title":"Building instance classification using street view images","volume":"145","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2020.103920","article-title":"Analyzing the effects of green view index of neighborhood streets on walking time using Google street view and deep learning","volume":"205","author":"Ki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7434","DOI":"10.3390\/su12187434","article-title":"Standardized green view index and quantification of different metrics of urban green vegetation","volume":"12","author":"Kumakoshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61031-9","article-title":"Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy","volume":"380","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib19","first-page":"2039","article-title":"Examining the spatial distribution and temporal change of the green view index in New York city using Google street view images and deep learning","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2015.06.006","article-title":"Assessing street-level urban greenery using Google street view and a modified green view index","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103656","article-title":"Exploring the association between street built environment and street vitality using deep learning methods","volume":"79","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2017.06.003","article-title":"A machine learning-based method for the large-scale evaluation of the qualities of the urban environment","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.08.029","article-title":"Using Google street view to investigate the association between street greenery and physical activity","volume":"191","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12060809","article-title":"Image retrieval for local architectural heritage recommendation based on deep hashing","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2010.08.011","article-title":"Million trees los angeles canopy cover and benefit assessment","volume":"99","author":"McPherson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib25","first-page":"99","article-title":"A review and evaluations of shortest path algorithms","volume":"2","author":"Magzhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028","article-title":"Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: Theoretical and methodological guidance","volume":"158","author":"Markevych","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3794","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113794","article-title":"A system for generating customized pleasant pedestrian routes based on OpenStreetMap data","volume":"18","author":"Novack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2495\/UT110571","article-title":"Route planning for soft modes of transport: Healthy routes","volume":"116","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2011","journal-title":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.01.030","article-title":"Estimating fractional cover of tundra vegetation at multiple scales using unmanned aerial systems and optical satellite data","volume":"224","author":"Riihim\u00e4ki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib31","first-page":"234","article-title":"U-Net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention","author":"Ronneberger","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1553\/giscience2017_01_s327","article-title":"Reducing individual heat stress through path planning","volume":"1","author":"Ru\u00dfig","year":"2017","journal-title":"GI_Forum"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep semantic segmentation for automated driving: Taxonomy, roadmap and challenges","volume-title":"2017 IEEE 20th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)","author":"Siam","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5686","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00584","article-title":"Deep high-resolution representation learning for human pose estimation","volume-title":"2019 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","author":"Sun","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.3390\/f11121347","article-title":"Evaluating street greenery by multiple indicators using street-level imagery and satellite images: A case study in Nanjing, China","volume":"11","author":"Tong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30551-4_74","article-title":"Efficient algorithms for the longest path problem","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Symposium on Algorithms and Computation","author":"Uehara","year":"2004"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2015.12.018","article-title":"View on outdoor vegetation reduces noise annoyance for dwellers near busy roads","volume":"148","author":"Van\u00a0Renterghem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46810","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3067928","article-title":"Noisy-LSTM: Improving temporal awareness for video semantic segmentation","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.106331","article-title":"Automatic creation of annotations for chest radiographs based on the positional information extracted from radiographic image reports","volume":"209","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2016.02.008","article-title":"Value of urban views in a bay city: Hedonic analysis with the spatial multilevel additive regression (SMAR) model","volume":"151","author":"Yamagata","year":"2016","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2008.12.004","article-title":"Can you see green? Assessing the visibility of urban forests in cities","volume":"91","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162841","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951294","article-title":"Urban commerce distribution analysis based on street view and deep learning","volume":"7","author":"Ye","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib43","article-title":"Segmentation transformer: Object-contextual representations for semantic segmentation","author":"Yuan","year":"2019"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib44","first-page":"173","article-title":"Object-contextual representations for semantic segmentation","volume-title":"Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision","author":"Yuan","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.03.003","article-title":"The cooling effect of urban green spaces as a contribution to energy-saving and emission-reduction: A case study in Beijing, China","volume":"76","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12477","article-title":"Concrete crack detection using context-aware deep semantic segmentation network","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117486","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3106124","article-title":"Automatic object removal with obstructed fa\u00e7ades completion using semantic segmentation and generative adversarial inpainting","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi10080551","article-title":"Development of a city-scale approach for fa\u00e7ade color measurement with building functional classification using deep learning and street view images","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"},{"key":"2022102117365558700_bib49","first-page":"2881","article-title":"Pyramid scene parsing network","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","author":"Zhao","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Design and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcde\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jcde\/qwac102\/45983599\/qwac102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcde\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/2010\/46596730\/qwac102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcde\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/2010\/46596730\/qwac102.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T17:38:07Z","timestamp":1666373887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcde\/article\/9\/5\/2010\/6712331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcde\/qwac102","relation":{},"ISSN":["2288-5048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2288-5048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]}}}