{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:01:40Z","timestamp":1785898900551,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This paper proposes 16 enhanced aquila optimizers with multiple strategies and applies them to the CEC2022 benchmark functions and six classic engineering application problems. The experimental comparative analysis results show that the performance of the random walk aquila optimizer (RWAO) and the crisscross aquila optimizer (CCAO) is significantly better than that of other enhanced aquila optimizers. Moreover, by comparing RWAO with over 10 existing powerful optimization techniques, it was found that RWAO has significant competitiveness. The Wilcoxon rank sum test results also proved that the RWAO and CCAO algorithms have significant differences from the basic aquila optimizer (AO), and the RWAO algorithm outperformed all the other enhanced aquila optimizers in optimizing engineering design problems. The experimental results show that the random walk and the crossover strategies can significantly enhance the optimization performance of the basic AO. The method presented in this paper has high reference value for improving the performance of other metaheuristic optimization algorithms. The detailed code publish website is https:\/\/ww2.mathworks.cn\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/180254-the-sixteen-strategies-to-enhanced-ao-algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcde\/qwaf047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T03:49:52Z","timestamp":1745984992000},"page":"134-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multi-strategies enhanced aquila optimizer for global optimization: Comprehensive review and comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qiang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Minzu University College of Artificial Intelligence, , Nanning 530006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4404-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongquan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Minzu University College of Artificial Intelligence, , Nanning 530006 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratories of Hybrid Computation and IC Design Analysis , Nanning 530006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Political Science and Law Department of Science and Technology Teaching, , Beijing 102249 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qifang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Minzu University College of Artificial Intelligence, , Nanning 530006 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratories of Hybrid Computation and IC Design Analysis , Nanning 530006 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107250","article-title":"Aquila optimizer: novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm","volume":"157","author":"Abualigah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers & Industrial Engineering"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121212","article-title":"Optimal power flow using a hybridization algorithm of arithmetic optimization and aquila optimizer","volume":"235","author":"Ahmadipour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/10095020.2022.2068385","article-title":"Modified aquila optimizer for forecasting oil production","volume":"25","author":"Al-qaness","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geo-Spatial Information Science"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-019-09732-5","article-title":"Novel meta-heuristic bald eagle search optimisation algorithm","volume":"53","author":"Alsattar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2007.4425083","article-title":"Imperialist competitive algorithm: an algorithm for optimization inspired by imperialistic competition","volume-title":"2007 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation","author":"Atashpaz-Gargari","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/jcde\/qwaf016","article-title":"QGRIME: a RIME optimizer with quantum rotation gate and Gaussian mutation for feature selection","volume":"12","author":"Bai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21362","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-023-04705-2","article-title":"Improved teaching\u2013learning-based optimization algorithm with Cauchy mutation and chaotic operators","volume":"53","author":"Bao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Intelligence"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib8","first-page":"12","article-title":"An artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for numeric function optimization","volume-title":"IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, Indianapolis, IN, USA, 2006","author":"Basturk","year":"2006"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC55065.2022.9870220","article-title":"A version of NL-SHADE-RSP algorithm with midpoint for CEC 2022 single objective bound constrained problems","volume-title":"2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","author":"Biedrzycki","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2022.3155330","article-title":"Evolutionary computation for intelligent transportation in smart cities: A survey","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib11","first-page":"134","article-title":"Distributed optimization by ant colonies","volume-title":"Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life","author":"Colorni","year":"1991"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2023.126980","article-title":"A multistep short-term solar radiation forecasting model using fully convolutional neural networks and chaotic aquila optimization combining WRF-Solar model results","volume":"271","author":"Duan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105501","article-title":"Economical operation of modern power grids incorporating uncertainties of renewable energy sources and load demand using the adaptive fitness-distance balance-based stochastic fractal search algorithm","volume":"117","author":"Duman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10216-2","article-title":"An effective control design approach based on novel enhanced aquila optimizer for automatic voltage regulator","volume":"56","author":"Ekinci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.11.033","article-title":"Impact of L\u00e8vy flight on modern meta-heuristic optimizers","volume":"75","author":"Emary","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-020-01189-3","article-title":"ESSAWOA: enhanced whale optimization algorithm integrated with salp swarm algorithm for global optimization","volume":"38","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Engineering with Computers"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113377","article-title":"Marine predators algorithm: a nature-inspired metaheuristic","volume":"152","author":"Faramarzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2018.01.001","article-title":"A novel random walk grey wolf optimizer","volume":"44","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Swarm and Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.028","article-title":"Harris hawks optimization: algorithm and applications","volume":"97","author":"Heidari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0792-66","article-title":"Genetic algorithms","volume":"267","author":"Holland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scientific American"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2024.3365814","article-title":"Protein structure prediction using a new optimization-based evolutionary and explainable artificial intelligence approach","volume":"99","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-021-01542-0","article-title":"Boosting whale optimization with evolution strategy and gaussian random walks: an image segmentation method","volume":"39","author":"Hussien","year":"2023","journal-title":"Engineering with Computers"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10913-0","article-title":"Evolutionary computation for unmanned aerial vehicle path planning: A survey","volume":"57","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2023.3273625","article-title":"Block-level knowledge transfer for evolutionary multitask optimization","volume":"54","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2023.3278132","article-title":"Knowledge learning for evolutionary computation","volume":"29","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2019.105169","article-title":"Fitness-distance balance (FDB): A new selection method for meta-heuristic search algorithms","volume":"190","author":"Kahraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-021-02629-3","article-title":"Dynamic FDB selection method and its application: modeling and optimizing of directional overcurrent relays coordination","volume":"52","author":"Kahraman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Intelligence"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106121","article-title":"Development of the Natural Survivor method (NSM) for designing an updating mechanism in metaheuristic search algorithms","volume":"122","author":"Kahraman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNN.1995.488968","article-title":"Particle swarm optimization","volume-title":"Proceedings of ICNN'95-International Conference on Neural Networks","author":"Kennedy","year":"1995"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","article-title":"Optimization by simulated annealing","volume":"220","author":"Kirkpatrick","year":"1983","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC60901.2024.10612117","article-title":"Efficient hyperparameter optimization using deep Q-network and BRKGA","volume-title":"2024 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC60901.2024.10611940","article-title":"Performance of beta mutation on CEC 2017 and CEC 2022 benchmarks","volume-title":"2024 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","author":"Kumar","year":"2024"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2022.3153964","article-title":"Distributed differential evolution with adaptive resource allocation","volume":"53","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1093\/jcde\/qwad078","article-title":"Quantum-inspired African vultures optimization algorithm with elite mutation strategy for production scheduling problems","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.119898","article-title":"A reinforcement learning-based hybrid aquila optimizer and improved arithmetic optimization algorithm for global optimization","volume":"224","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3102642","article-title":"Many-objective job-shop scheduling: A multiple populations for multiple objectives-based genetic algorithm approach","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s12530-023-09495-z","article-title":"Honey Badger algorithm using lens opposition based learning and local search algorithm","volume":"15","author":"Majumdar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Evolving Systems"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2014.05.004","article-title":"Crisscross optimization algorithm and its application","volume":"67","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.12.022","article-title":"SCA: A sine cosine algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"96","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008","article-title":"The whale optimization algorithm","volume":"95","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Advances in Engineering Software"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-1870-7","article-title":"Multi-verse optimizer: A nature-inspired algorithm for global optimization","volume":"27","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Computing and Applications"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","article-title":"Grey wolf optimizer","volume":"69","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Engineering Software"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110479","article-title":"Fitness-distance-constraint (FDC) based guide selection method for constrained optimization problems","volume":"144","author":"Ozkaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110573","article-title":"Meta-heuristic search algorithms in truss optimization: research on stability and complexity analyses","volume":"145","author":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2010.12.015","article-title":"Teaching\u2013learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems","volume":"43","author":"Rao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computer-Aided Design"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2009.03.004","article-title":"GSA: A gravitational search algorithm","volume":"179","author":"Rashedi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-023-09945-6","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on aquila optimizer","volume":"30","author":"Sasmal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-024-06136-9","article-title":"Hybrid metaheuristic for the dial-a-ride problem with private fleet and common carrier integrated with public transportation","volume":"348","author":"Schenekemberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110894","article-title":"Memory guided Aquila optimization algorithm with controlled search mechanism for seismicity analysis of earthquake prone regions","volume":"148","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26840","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-023-04732-z","article-title":"Improved versions of crow search algorithm for solving global numerical optimization problems","volume":"53","author":"Sheta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Intelligence"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.106425","article-title":"Dimension decided Harris hawks optimization with gaussian mutation: balance analysis and diversity patterns","volume":"215","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC55065.2022.9870295","article-title":"NL-SHADE-LBC algorithm with linear parameter adaptation bias change for CEC 2022 Numerical Optimization","volume-title":"2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","author":"Stanovov","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328","article-title":"Differential evolution\u2013a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces","volume":"11","author":"Storn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Global Optimization"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4316\/AECE.2017.02010","article-title":"Golden sine algorithm: A novel math-inspired algorithm","volume":"17","author":"Tanyildizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Electrical & Computer Engineering"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1109\/CIMCA.2005.1631345","article-title":"Opposition-based learning: a new scheme for machine intelligence","volume-title":"International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce (CIMCA-IAWTIC'06)","author":"Tizhoosh","year":"2005"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6885","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10340-z","article-title":"Hybrid Archimedes optimization algorithm enhanced with mutualism scheme for global optimization problems","volume":"56","author":"Varol\u00a0Altay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1109\/TG.2023.3236490","article-title":"A novel evolutionary algorithm with column and sub-block local search for sudoku puzzles","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Games"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.3390\/math10224350","article-title":"Modified sand cat swarm optimization algorithm for solving constrained engineering optimization problems","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/jcde\/qwae058","article-title":"Modified dung beetle optimizer with multi-strategy for uncertain multi-modal transport path problem","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Computational Design and Engineering"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2021.3051608","article-title":"SAFE: scale-adaptive fitness evaluation method for expensive optimization problems","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6611","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01069-5","article-title":"A particle swarm optimization algorithm based on diversity-driven fusion of opposing phase selection strategies","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complex & Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-8067-3_4","article-title":"Evolutionary computation for berth allocation problems: a survey","volume-title":"International Conference on Neural Information Processing","author":"Xu","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2023.3340678","article-title":"Grid classification-based surrogate-assisted particle swarm optimization for expensive multiobjective optimization","volume":"28","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1109\/NABIC.2009.5393690","article-title":"Cuckoo search via L\u00e9vy flights","volume-title":"2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC)","author":"Yang","year":"2009"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12666","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.12666","article-title":"Robust design of a robot gripper mechanism using new hybrid grasshopper optimization algorithm","volume":"38","author":"Yildiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Systems"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2022105","article-title":"DTSMA: dominant swarm with adaptive T-distribution mutation-based slime mould algorithm","volume":"19","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-003-0345-0","article-title":"Reliability-based design optimization for crashworthiness of vehicle side impact","volume":"26","author":"Youn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2022.3232776","article-title":"Learning-aided evolution for optimization","volume":"27","author":"Zhan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2021.3097339","article-title":"Multipopulation ant colony system with knowledge-based local searches for multiobjective supply chain configuration","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"2025053101415813300_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.109215","article-title":"Beluga whale optimization: a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm","volume":"251","author":"Zhong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Knowledge-based Systems"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computational Design and Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcde\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jcde\/qwaf047\/63029825\/qwaf047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcde\/article-pdf\/12\/5\/134\/63029825\/qwaf047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcde\/article-pdf\/12\/5\/134\/63029825\/qwaf047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T05:42:07Z","timestamp":1748670127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcde\/article\/12\/5\/134\/8122116"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcde\/qwaf047","relation":{},"ISSN":["2288-5048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2288-5048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]}}}