{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:53:54Z","timestamp":1776747234612,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The present research examines the longitudinal average impact of frequency of use of Internet and social networking sites (SNS) on subjective well-being of adolescents in Germany. Based on five-wave panel data that cover a period of nine years, we disentangle between-person and within-person effects of media use on depressive symptomatology and life satisfaction as indicators of subjective well-being. Additionally, we control for confounders such as TV use, self-esteem, and satisfaction with friends. We found that frequency of Internet use in general and use of SNS in particular is not substantially related subjective well-being. The explanatory power of general Internet use or SNS use to predict between-person differences or within-person change in subjective well-being is close to zero. TV use, a potentially confounding variable, is negatively related to satisfaction with life, but it does not affect depressive symptomatology. However, this effect is too small to be of practical relevance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmaa014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T19:11:53Z","timestamp":1601665913000},"page":"1-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["The Impact of Internet and Social Media Use on Well-Being: A Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescents Across Nine Years"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7808-2240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Schemer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3065-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp K","family":"Masur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8978-0095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Gei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5351-0608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Media and Communication Studies, University of Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6401-1564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svenja","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021103111470784500_zmaa014-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1089268019880891","article-title":"Are social media ruining our lives? 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