{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T13:29:38Z","timestamp":1771334978944,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]],"date-time":"2021-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mobile messaging has been associated with guilt. Guilt about too much messaging may result from self-control failures during goal conflicts. Conversely, guilt about too little messaging may result from violating the salient norm to be available. This research considers both boundary conditions of guilt about mobile communication\u2014goal conflicts and availability norm salience\u2014simultaneously for the first time. We conducted two preregistered experiments to investigate their interplay. Results from a vignette experiment, but not from a laboratory experiment, support the hypotheses that goal conflicts trigger guilt about using messengers and that guilt about not using messengers arises if the availability norm is salient. In both studies, using messengers elicited more guilt than not using messengers. The boundary conditions did not interact in influencing guilt. Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of self-control, norms, and usage contexts when studying effects of mobile media use on emotional well-being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmaa018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,25]],"date-time":"2020-11-25T13:34:08Z","timestamp":1606311248000},"page":"72-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Too Much or Too Little Messaging? Situational Determinants of Guilt About Mobile Messaging"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5073-9709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annabell","family":"Halfmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Media and Communication Studies, University of Mannheim, B6, 30-32, 68159 Mannheim, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8191-2962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Meier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Labor Market and Socioeconomics, Friedrich\u2013Alexander University Erlangen\u2013Nuremberg, 90402 Nuremberg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Leonard","family":"Reinecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-2241\/a000014","article-title":"Experimental vignette studies in survey research","volume":"6","author":"Atzm\u00fcller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methodology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2007.04.001","article-title":"Social context, personal norms and the use of public transportation: Two field studies","volume":"27","author":"Bamberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.115.2.243","article-title":"Guilt: An interpersonal approach","volume":"115","author":"Baumeister","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/comt.12090","article-title":"Connection cues: Activating the norms and habits of social connectedness","volume":"26","author":"Bayer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2010.08.008","article-title":"Minding the gap: Meaning, affect, and the potential shortcomings of vignettes","volume":"40","author":"Collett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Science Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444814531692","article-title":"Mobile phone distraction while studying","volume":"17","author":"David","year":"2014","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1037\/0708-5591.49.1.14","article-title":"Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life\u2019s domains","volume":"49","author":"Deci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Psychology"},{"key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802862-9.00009-8","volume-title":"Procrastination, health, and well-being","author":"Gigu\u00e8re","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmz008","article-title":"Permanently on call: The effects of social pressure on smartphone users\u2019 self-control, need satisfaction, and well-being","volume":"24","author":"Halfmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000228","article-title":"The experience of mobile entrapment in daily life","volume":"29","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Media Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444811415047","article-title":"Calling and texting (too much): Mobile maintenance expectations, (over)dependence, entrapment, and friendship satisfaction","volume":"14","author":"Hall","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2009.01116.x","article-title":"Impulse and self-control from a dual-systems perspective","volume":"4","author":"Hofmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021040117562301200_zmaa018-B13","first-page":"211","volume-title":"The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being. 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