{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T08:38:48Z","timestamp":1775637528227,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>An essential tenet of social capital is that it is a reciprocal process: social networks produce desirable outcomes, and the resulting outcomes can then feed back into influencing networks. The current study is among the first to examine a dynamic, reciprocal process of social capital, using within-person measures from 2,065 reports of offline and online daily social interactions from 66 participants over a 1-week period. Results show that online and offline social interactions, characterized by tie strength and communication diversity, generate different levels of emotional, practical, and informational support, which, in turn, exerts differential influence on tie strength and diversity of subsequent interactions. Results also reveal a mismatch between the resulting social support and subsequent motivated social interactions. Importantly, social support reinforces subsequent tie strength but reduces communication diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmab014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T21:54:08Z","timestamp":1630965248000},"page":"362-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Dynamics of Social Capital: Examining the Reciprocity between Network Features and Social Support"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2251-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Relations, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0417-1758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"}]},{"given":"Weiwu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Relations, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/for.1047","article-title":"Forecasting with panel data","volume":"27","author":"Baltagi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Forecasting"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.2307\/1912110","article-title":"Estimating dynamic random effects models from panel data covering short time periods","volume":"51","author":"Bhargava","year":"1983","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(98)00009-8","article-title":"Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models","volume":"87","author":"Blundell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B4","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education","author":"Bourdieu","year":"1986"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.2307\/2111684","article-title":"Individual-level evidence for the causes and consequences of social capital","volume":"41","author":"Brehm","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12162","article-title":"The relationship between Facebook use and well-being depends on communication type and tie strength","volume":"21","author":"Burke","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2501\/IJA-30-1-047-075","article-title":"Determinants of consumer engagement in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites","volume":"30","author":"Chu","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Advertising"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010688913148","article-title":"Trusting and joining? An empirical test of the reciprocal nature of social capital","volume":"22","author":"Claibourn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Political Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B40620998","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1086\/230638","article-title":"Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients Between Models","volume":"100","author":"Clogg","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1086\/228943","article-title":"Social capital in the creation of human capital","volume":"94","author":"Coleman","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9088-8_3","volume-title":"Flow and the foundations of positive psychology","author":"Csikszentmihalyi","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmy007","article-title":"The associations between online media use and users\u2019 perceived social resources: A meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Domahidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"5981","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1186605","article-title":"Network diversity and economic development","volume":"328","author":"Eagle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x","article-title":"The benefits of Facebook \u201cfriends:\u201d Social capital and college students\u2019 use of online social network sites","volume":"12","author":"Ellison","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12078","article-title":"Cultivating social resources on social network sites: Facebook relationship maintenance behaviors and their role in social capital processes","volume":"19","author":"Ellison","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/S1573-4412(84)02005-5","volume-title":"Handbook of econometrics","author":"Engle","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2009.01412.x","article-title":"Political discussion frequency, network size, and \u201cheterogeneity\u201d of discussion as predictors of political knowledge and participation","volume":"59","author":"Eveland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650214565925","article-title":"Disadvantaged minorities\u2019 use of the Internet to expand their social networks","volume":"44","author":"Gonzales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1889(80)90069-X","article-title":"Testing for causality: A personal viewpoint","volume":"2","author":"Granger","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1086\/225469","volume-title":"). American Journal of Sociology","author":"Granovetter","year":"1973"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-007-9100-9","article-title":"The relationship between self-reported received and perceived social support: A meta-analytic review","volume":"39","author":"Haber","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.2307\/1912775","article-title":"Large sample properties of generalized method of moments estimators","volume":"50","author":"Hansen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650212446332","article-title":"The role of social capital in health communication campaigns: The case of the national youth anti-drug media campaign","volume":"41","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1111\/jcc4.12142","article-title":"Bounded solidarity confirmed? How Korean immigrants\u2019 mobile communication configures their social networks","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B24","article-title":"The knowledge gap on social media: Examining roles of engagement and networks","author":"Li","year":"","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.04.066","article-title":"What happens on Facebook stays on Facebook? The implications of Facebook interaction for perceived, receiving, and giving social support","volume":"51","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650216682900","article-title":"Network redundancy and information diffusion: The impacts of information redundancy, similarity, and tie strength","volume":"46","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511815447","volume-title":"Social capital: A theory of social structure and action","author":"Lin","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1108\/OIR-10-2013-0239","article-title":"Understanding news sharing in social media: An explanation from the diffusion of innovations theory","volume":"38","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Online Information Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2011.04.008","article-title":"Internet use, happiness, social support and introversion: A more fine grained analysis of person variables and internet activity","volume":"27","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2018.1555799","article-title":"Reporting mobile social media use: How survey and experience sampling measures differ","volume":"13","author":"Naab","year":"2019","journal-title":"Communication Methods and Measures"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764297040005004","article-title":"Social capital and democracy","volume":"40","author":"Newton","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B33","volume-title":"Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community","author":"Putnam","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2006.02.001","article-title":"Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German","volume":"41","author":"Rammstedt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Personality"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1177\/0038038508091622","article-title":"Social networks, social support and social capital: The experiences of recent polish migrants in London","volume":"42","author":"Ryan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2020.1784402","article-title":"Mobile devices as tools for media and communication research: A scoping review on collecting self-report data in repeated measurement designs","volume":"14","author":"Schnauber-Stockmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Communication Methods and Measures"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024758","article-title":"Integrating behavioral-motive and experiential-requirement perspectives on psychological needs: A two process model","volume":"118","author":"Sheldon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650212455197","article-title":"Virtual brokerage and closure: Network structure and social capital in a massively multiplayer online game","volume":"41","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2007.00296.x","article-title":"Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence of media selectivity and media effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity","volume":"17","author":"Slater","year":"2007","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/joc\/jqab003","article-title":"How to capture reciprocal communication dynamics: Comparing longitudinal statistical approaches in order to analyze within- and between-person effects","volume":"71","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2013.838904","article-title":"Influence of social support received in online and offline contexts on satisfaction with social support and satisfaction with life: A longitudinal study","volume":"18","author":"Trepte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B42","first-page":"304","volume-title":"The Routledge handbook of media use and well-being","author":"Trepte","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2018.12.002","article-title":"Effect of experience sampling schedules on response rate and recall accuracy of objective self-reports","volume":"125","author":"van Berkel","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"issue":"12","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.11.013","article-title":"Who you know, where you live: Social capital, neighbourhood and health","volume":"60","author":"Veenstra","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444812451566","article-title":"\u2018There\u2019s a network out there you might as well tap\u2019: Exploring the benefits of and barriers to exchanging informational and support-based resources on Facebook","volume":"15","author":"Vitak","year":"2013","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650214534963","article-title":"Bridging media processing and selective exposure: A dynamic motivational model of media choices and choice response time","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2012.01641.x","article-title":"The \u201cmyth\u201d of media multitasking: Reciprocal dynamics of media multitasking, personal needs, and gratifications","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.05.001","article-title":"A dynamic longitudinal examination of social media use, needs, and gratifications among college students","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124112460374","article-title":"Panel conditioning in longitudinal social science surveys","volume":"41","author":"Warren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2006.00029.x","article-title":"On and off the \u2019net: Scales for social capital in an online era","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444819858749","article-title":"The use of online social networking sites to nurture and cultivate bonding social capital: A systematic review of the literature from 1997 to 2018","volume":"21","author":"Williams","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.09.042","article-title":"Social network site use, mobile personal talk and social capital among teenagers","volume":"41","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650221991493","article-title":"Multiple selves and multitasking: A dynamic longitudinal study","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Communication Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/hcr\/hqz009","article-title":"Multitasking and dual motivational systems: A dynamic longitudinal study","volume":"45","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"key":"2021111800432417600_zmab014-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.08.004","article-title":"A multilevel cross-lagged structural equation analysis for reciprocal relationship between social capital and health","volume":"142","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcmc\/article-pdf\/26\/6\/362\/41139641\/zmab014.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcmc\/article-pdf\/26\/6\/362\/41139641\/zmab014.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T12:15:37Z","timestamp":1699445737000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcmc\/article\/26\/6\/362\/6364852"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcmc\/zmab014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-6101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-6101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]}}}