{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:08:40Z","timestamp":1778753320798,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This research explored how users interacted with inauthentic social media accounts with the goal of gaining insight into tactics employed by state-backed disinformation efforts. We combine hand coding with natural-language processing to measure the ways in which users talked with and about the accounts employed by the Russian-affiliated Internet Research Agency in the month before the 2016 U.S. Election. We find that user mentions were overwhelming supportive of the IRA accounts, belying the standard characterization of these personas as \u201ctrolls.\u201d This pattern is particularly strong for the more ideological troll types, suggesting that a strategy of building homophilic connections with like-minded people was central to the IRA campaign. This strategy seems to work\u2014on days that the personas\u2019 mentions were more supportive, they received more engagement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmab022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T20:11:49Z","timestamp":1636747909000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Talking to Trolls\u2014How Users Respond to a Coordinated Information Operation and Why They\u2019re So Supportive"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Darren L","family":"Linvill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick L","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John E. Walker Department of Economics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda E","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B1","volume-title":"Russian disinformation targeted African-Americans to sow division","author":"Albanesius","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B2","article-title":"Acting the part: Examining information operations within #BlackLivesMatter discourse","volume":"2","author":"Arif","year":"2018","journal-title":"PACMHCI."},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1906420116","article-title":"Assessing the Russian Internet Research Agency\u2019s impact on the political attitudes and behaviors of American Twitter users in late 2017","volume":"117","author":"Bail","year":"2020","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304567","article-title":"Weaponized health communication: Twitter bots and Russian trolls amplify the vaccine debate","volume":"108","author":"Broniatowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.50.2.317","article-title":"A practitioner\u2019s guide to cluster-robust inference","volume":"50","author":"Cameron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1511\/2017.105.3.152","article-title":"Anyone can become a troll","volume":"105","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Scientist"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B7","author":"Cohen","year":"2019"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B8","volume-title":"Basics of qualitative research","author":"Corbin","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B9","volume-title":"Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches","author":"Creswell","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.122.3.1187","article-title":"The Fox news effect: Media bias and voting","volume":"122","author":"Dellavigna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2021120108064665700_zmab022-B11","volume-title":"The tactics & tropes of the Internet Research Agency. 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