{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T23:41:30Z","timestamp":1783986090406,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/PO11454\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/PO11454\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Incidents of online harassment are increasing and can have significant consequences for victims. Witnesses (\u201cdigital bystanders\u201d) can be crucial in identifying and challenging harassment. This study considered when and how young adults intervene online, with the aim of understanding the applicability of existing theoretical models (i.e., Bystander Intervention Model; Response Decision-Making Framework). Thematic analysis of eight focus groups (UK community sample, N\u2009=\u200967, 18\u201325 years) resulted in five themes: Noticing and Interpreting the Harassment, Perceived Responsibility for Helping, Consequences of Intervening, Perceived Ability to Make a Difference, and Deciding How to Help. The online context amplified offline preferences, such as greater preference for anonymity and perceived costs of intervention (e.g., social costs). Intervention strategies varied in visibility and effort, preferring \u201cindirect\u201d micro-interventions focused on supporting victims. A new, merged model specific to digital bystanders is proposed, with implications for the design and messaging on social networking sites discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmad027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T01:57:18Z","timestamp":1691200638000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["To intervene or not to intervene: young adults\u2019 views on when and how to intervene in online harassment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Davidovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, University of Bath, Bath and North East Somerset , Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-8990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Talbot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Bournemouth, Poole, Dorset , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Hamilton-Giachritsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK, Bath and North East Somerset , Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Joinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Management, University of Bath, Bath and North East Somerset , Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2023080502523255400_zmad027-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3241044","article-title":"Responding to sensitive disclosures on social media: A decision-making framework","volume":"25","author":"Andalibi","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Computer\u2013Human Interaction"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023080502523255400_zmad027-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2013.0370","article-title":"Combating weight-based cyberbullying on Facebook with the dissenter effect","volume":"17","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking"},{"key":"2023080502523255400_zmad027-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2016.03.026","article-title":"Cyber-bystanding in context. 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