{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T05:56:48Z","timestamp":1770271008236,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China National Social Science Foundation","award":["22BXW045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22BXW045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study investigates gender representation in artificial intelligence (AI)-related images across various digital spaces to understand potential biases and visual narratives in the AI domain. We analyzed a dataset of 28,199 images from news media, technology news websites, social media, knowledge-sharing platforms, and other digital spaces. Our findings revealed the prevalence of male faces and the consistent underrepresentation of women across digital spaces. We also found distinct patterns in the visual framing of men and women, with women often portrayed as being disempowered and adhering to traditional gender stereotypes. Furthermore, our cluster analysis demonstrated consistent patterns of gender representation across various visual themes, reinforcing the pervasive nature of gender biases in AI news imagery. In conclusion, our study underscores the need for conscious efforts to promote a more balanced and inclusive portrayal of gender in AI news reporting, calling for a broad societal effort toward advancing gender equality and diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmad047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T16:41:41Z","timestamp":1706892101000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The gendered lens of AI: examining news imagery across digital spaces"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Yibei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science, School of Management, Tianjin Normal University , Tianjin, China"}]},{"given":"Shaojing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Journalism, Fudan University , Shanghai, China"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B1","first-page":"26","author":"Al-Saffar","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/10584600490481307","article-title":"Media logic and political communication","volume":"21","author":"Altheide","year":"2004","journal-title":"Political Communication"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/comt.12017","article-title":"Media logic, social control, and fear","volume":"23","author":"Altheide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Communication Theory"},{"key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B4","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The international encyclopedia of political communication","author":"Altheide","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.45.4.725","article-title":"Face-ism: Five studies of sex differences in facial prominence","volume":"45","author":"Archer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B6","first-page":"1027","author":"Arthur","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B7","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Advances in foundational mass communication theories","author":"Atkin","year":"2017"},{"issue":"6323","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah6524","article-title":"Gender stereotypes about intellectual ability emerge early and influence children\u2019s interests","volume":"355","author":"Bian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/08838150801992003","article-title":"The games through the NBC lens: Gender, ethnic, and national equity in the 2006 Torino Winter Olympics","volume":"52","author":"Billings","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2003.tb02911.x","article-title":"Framing identities: Gender, ethnic, and national parity in network announcing of the 2002 Winter Olympics","volume":"53","author":"Billings","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/107769901108800304","article-title":"Effects of visual framing on emotional responses and evaluations of news stories about the Gaza conflict 2009","volume":"88","author":"Brantner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.36.081406.094328","article-title":"Gender and technology","volume":"36","author":"Bray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annual Review of Anthropology"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-015-0497-6","article-title":"New rules for new times: Sportswomen and media representation in the third wave","volume":"74","author":"Bruce","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024020216413700000_zmad047-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1177\/09636625231153985","article-title":"Who makes AI? 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