{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T02:54:35Z","timestamp":1768013675976,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2230692"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2230692"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["266268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["266268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001395","name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MSN231886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MSN231886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The spread of multimodal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) misinformation on social media poses considerable public health risks. Yet limited research has addressed the efficacy of citizen-contributed, multimodal debunking messages, especially the roles of audiovisual structural features. In a between-subject online experiment, we assessed the impacts of misleading TikTok videos promoting the false claim that COVID-19 vaccines cause infertility and compared the effectiveness of debunking videos from medical experts vs. laypeople. We independently varied the presence of background music. Results showed that while misleading TikTok videos increased misperceptions, most debunking videos effectively countered such misinformation. Notably, compared with laypeople\u2019s testimonial corrections, expert didactic videos benefited more from incorporating high-tempo background music, primarily through the suppression of counterarguing rather than through enhanced encoding. These findings underscore the importance to consider audiovisual structural features, such as background music, as well as the cognitive pathway through distracted counterarguing, in future research on multimodal misinformation and correction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmae007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T03:25:07Z","timestamp":1723087507000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Correction by distraction: how high-tempo music enhances medical experts\u2019 debunking TikTok videos"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mengyu","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"given":"Gaofei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4209-9881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sijia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.2501\/S0021849906060491","article-title":"Effects of popular music in advertising on attention and memory","volume":"46","author":"Allan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ooad013","DOI":"10.1093\/jamiaopen\/ooad013","article-title":"#Coronavirus on TikTok: User engagement with misinformation as a potential threat to public health behavior","volume":"6","author":"Baghdadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMIA Open"},{"issue":"6239","key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa1160","article-title":"Exposure to ideologically diverse news and opinion on Facebook","volume":"348","author":"Bakshy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.37016\/mr-2020-114","article-title":"How effective are TikTok misinformation debunking videos?","author":"Bhargava","year":"2023","journal-title":"Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 4(2), 1\u201317"},{"key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B6291121","volume-title":"Arguing and thinking: A rhetorical approach to social psychology.","author":"Billig","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20563051211008829","DOI":"10.1177\/20563051211008829","article-title":"Correction experiences on social media during COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Bode","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Media + Society"},{"key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B6","volume-title":"Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control","author":"Brehm","year":"1981"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2006.00293.x","article-title":"Integrating message effects and behavior change theories: Organizing comments and unanswered questions","volume":"56","author":"Cappella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B8","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/joc\/jqac016","article-title":"On the psychophysiological and defensive nature of psychological reactance theory","volume":"72","author":"Clayton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024081207162484400_zmae007-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2018.1476157","article-title":"Who fights, who flees? 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