{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T10:12:59Z","timestamp":1778321579516,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Human assumption of superior performance by machines has a long history, resulting in the concept of \u201cmachine heuristic\u201d (MH), which is a mental shortcut that individuals apply to automated systems. This article provides a formal explication of this concept and develops a new scale based on three studies (Combined N\u2009=\u20091129). Measurement items were derived from the explication and an open-ended survey (Study 1, N\u2009=\u2009270). These were then administered in a closed-ended survey (Study 2, N\u2009=\u2009448) to identify their dimensionality through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Lastly, we conducted another survey (Study 3, N\u2009=\u2009411) to verify the factor structure obtained in Study 2 by employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Analyses resulted in a validated scale of seven items that reflect the level of MH in individuals and identified six sets of descriptive labels for machines (expert, efficient, rigid, superfluous, fair, and complex) that serve as formative indicators of MH. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmae019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T21:52:57Z","timestamp":1727301177000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Machine heuristic: concept explication and development of a measurement scale"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6639-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park,","place":["USA"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5779-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S Shyam","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park,","place":["USA"]}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jom.2017.06.001","article-title":"Attention by design: Using attention checks to detect inattentive respondents and improve data quality","author":"Abbey","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.03.015","article-title":"Barriers to adopting technology for teaching and learning in Oman","volume":"53","author":"Al-Senaidi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-019-00931-w","article-title":"In AI we trust? Perceptions about automated decision-making by artificial intelligence","volume":"35","author":"Araujo","year":"2020","journal-title":"AI & Soceity"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-612x(87)90002-2","article-title":"Technology and machines\u2014bad masters but good servants","volume":"3","author":"Ashworth","year":"1987","journal-title":"Intensive Care Nursing"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s43681-023-00317-1","article-title":"Do people believe that machines have minds and free will? Empirical evidence on mind perception and autonomy in machines","author":"Astobiza","year":"2023","journal-title":"AI and Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2020.0165","article-title":"The space between: Nature and machine heuristics in evaluations of organisms, cyborgs, and robots","volume":"24","author":"Banks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1997.1997026126.x","article-title":"A critical review of the belief that technology is a neutral object and nurses are its master","volume":"26","author":"Barnard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2014.903390","article-title":"How can we tell when a heuristic has been used? Design and analysis strategies for capturing the operation of heuristics","volume":"8","author":"Bellur","year":"2014","journal-title":"Communication Methods and Measures"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124187016001004","article-title":"Practical issues in structural modeling","volume":"16","author":"Bentler","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/CITS.2014.6878953","author":"Blar","year":"2014"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B11","author":"Bohannon","year":"2024"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-2262-7","volume-title":"The scientific use of factor analysis in behavioral and life sciences","author":"Cattell","year":"1978"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B13","volume-title":"Explication","author":"Chaffee","year":"1991"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.5.752","article-title":"Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion","volume":"39","author":"Chaiken","year":"1980","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B15","author":"Chignell","year":"1986"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.39.5.752","article-title":"Formative versus reflective measurement models: Two applications of formative measurement","volume":"61","author":"Coltman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Business Research"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B17","first-page":"7","author":"Colton","year":"2008"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B81","author":"Copeland"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.7275\/jyj1-4868","article-title":"Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis","volume":"10","author":"Costello","year":"2005","journal-title":"Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2307\/2928741","article-title":"The image of objectivity","volume":"40","author":"Daston","year":"1992","journal-title":"Representations"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B20","volume-title":"Scale development: Theory and applications","author":"DeVellis","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B21","volume-title":"Mail and telephone surveys: The total design method","author":"Dillman","year":"1978"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.06.005","article-title":"Robots in the classroom: Differences in students\u2019 perceptions of credibility and learning between \u201cteacher as robot\u201d and \u201crobot as teacher\u201d","volume":"65","author":"Edwards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.12.034","article-title":"How much Klout do you have\u2026 A test of system generated cues on source credibility","volume":"29","author":"Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702249","author":"Egelman","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1109\/ICALT.2006.1652689","author":"Elsayed","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2016.1199051","article-title":"Interactivity, engagement, and technology dependence: understanding users\u2019 technology utilisation behaviour","volume":"36","author":"Fan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B27","volume-title":"Discovering statistics using SPSS","author":"Field","year":"2005","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/002224378101800104","article-title":"Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error","volume":"18","author":"Fornell","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-9991.2010.00351.x","article-title":"The philosophy of creativity","volume":"5","author":"Gaut","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philosophy Compass"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anthro-081309-145822","article-title":"Concepts and folk theories","volume":"40","author":"Gelman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annual Review of Anthropology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000089","article-title":"Automation bias: a systematic review of frequency, effect mediators, and mitigators","volume":"19","author":"Goddard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7275\/R5QJ7F7R","article-title":"Communication and artificial intelligence: Opportunities and challenges for the 21st century","volume":"1","author":"Gunkel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Communication+ 1"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B33","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"Hair","year":"2010","edition":"7th ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmz022","article-title":"AI-mediated communication: Definition, research agenda, and ethical considerations","volume":"25","author":"Hancock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327957pspr1003_4","article-title":"Dehumanization: An integrative review","volume":"10","author":"Haslam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Personality and Social Psychology Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.89.6.937","article-title":"More human than you: Attributing humanness to self and others","volume":"89","author":"Haslam","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B37","first-page":"76","article-title":"Issues and procedures in adopting structural equation modelling technique","volume":"3","author":"Hoe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Quantitative Methods"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91244-8_24","author":"Hong","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.17645\/mac.v9i4.4164","article-title":"Algorithmic or human source? Examining relative hostile media effect with a transformer-based framework","volume":"9","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Media and Communication"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327566IJCE0401_04","article-title":"Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems","volume":"4","author":"Jian","year":"2000","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Ergonomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci14020172","article-title":"A primer on generative artificial intelligence","volume":"14","author":"Kalota","year":"2024","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bushor.2018.08.004","article-title":"Siri, Siri, in my hand: Who\u2019s the fairest in the land? On the interpretations, illustrations, and implications of artificial intelligence","volume":"62","author":"Kaplan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Business Horizons"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B44","volume-title":"Production planning and control: A comprehensive approach","author":"Kiran","year":"2019"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B45","author":"Kleck","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B46","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline","year":"2015","edition":"4th ed."},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B47","author":"Krisher","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/apps.12108","article-title":"Are attention check questions a threat to scale validity?","volume":"67","author":"Kung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3167476","article-title":"Evaluating computational creativity: An interdisciplinary tutorial","volume":"51","author":"Lamb","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951718756684","article-title":"Understanding perception of algorithmic decisions: Fairness, trust, and emotion in response to algorithmic management","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220500337708","article-title":"Similarities and differences between human\u2013human and human\u2013automation trust: an integrative review","volume":"8","author":"Madhavan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1145\/2464464.2464485","author":"Marshall","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3311\/PPso.16882","article-title":"Mediated communication and customer service experiences: Psychological and demographic predictors of user evaluations in the United States","volume":"30","author":"Mays","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmab005","article-title":"Emotional support from AI Chatbots: Should a supportive partner self-disclose or not?","volume":"26","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811411912","article-title":"Affective processes in human\u2013automation interactions","volume":"53","author":"Merritt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmac010","article-title":"When AI moderates online content: effects of human collaboration and interactive transparency on user trust","volume":"27","author":"Molina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B57","volume-title":"The dehumanization of man","author":"Montague","year":"1983"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129904300346","article-title":"Automation use and automation bias","volume":"43","author":"Mosier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129604000413","article-title":"Automation bias, accountability, and verification behaviors","volume":"40","author":"Mosier","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-005X.1986.tb00061.x","article-title":"Pluralist beliefs about new technology within a manufacturing organization","volume":"1","author":"Mueller","year":"1986","journal-title":"New Technology, Work and Employment"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/215013781349476","article-title":"Factor analysis in counseling research and practice","volume":"4","author":"Mvududu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/01449299508914636","article-title":"Anthropocentrism and computers","volume":"14","author":"Nass","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.1990.10673191","article-title":"Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness","volume":"19","author":"Ohanian","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Advertising"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810376055","article-title":"Complacency and bias in human use of automation: An attentional integration","volume":"52","author":"Parasuraman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1518\/155534308X284417","article-title":"Situation awareness, mental workload, and trust in automation: Viable, empirically supported cognitive engineering constructs","volume":"2","author":"Parasuraman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Redmiles","year":"2019","DOI":"10.13016\/M2BV8D"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9744.00438","article-title":"Robert Boyle and the machine metaphor","volume":"37","author":"Ruse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zygon"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsc.2005.03.004","article-title":"Darwinism and mechanism: metaphor in science","volume":"36","author":"Ruse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/00273170903504810","article-title":"A comparative investigation of rotation criteria within exploratory factor analysis","volume":"45","author":"Sass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.12691\/ajams-9-1-2","article-title":"Factor analysis as a tool for survey analysis","volume":"9","author":"Shrestha","year":"2021","journal-title":"American Journal of Applied Mathematics and Statistics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1999.0252","article-title":"Does automation bias decision-making?","volume":"51","author":"Skitka","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B72","volume-title":"Non-photorealistic computer graphics: modeling, rendering, and animation","author":"Strothotte","year":"2002"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B73","first-page":"70","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2009"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B74","first-page":"72","volume-title":"Digital media, youth, and credibility","author":"Sundar","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/jcmc\/zmz026","article-title":"Rise of machine agency: A framework for studying the psychology of human\u2013AI interaction (HAII)","volume":"25","author":"Sundar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300768","author":"Sundar","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/hcr\/hqac014","article-title":"Rethinking communication in the era of artificial intelligence","volume":"48","author":"Sundar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Human Communication Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02872.x","article-title":"Conceptualizing sources in online news","volume":"51","author":"Sundar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.5465\/amr.1990.4310926","article-title":"Cognitive elements of empowerment: An \u201cinterpretive\u201d model of intrinsic task motivation","volume":"15","author":"Thomas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Academy of Management Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-6101.2008.00409.x","article-title":"Too much of a good thing? The relationship between number of friends and interpersonal impressions on Facebook","volume":"13","author":"Tong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"},{"issue":"236","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LIX.236.433","article-title":"Computing machinery and intelligence","author":"Turing","year":"1950","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B83","volume-title":"The second self: Computers and the human spirit","author":"Turkle","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(73)90033-9","article-title":"Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability","volume":"5","author":"Tversky","year":"1973","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B85","author":"Tyson","year":"2023"},{"key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3334480.3382892","author":"Ragot","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1080\/17512786.2012.667268","article-title":"The algorithms behind the headlines: How machine-written news redefines the core skills of human journalists","volume":"6","author":"van Dalen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journalism Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr2501_1","article-title":"Component analysis versus common factor analysis: Some further observations","volume":"25","author":"Velicer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2017.1384319","article-title":"A robot wrote this? How perceived machine authorship affects news credibility","volume":"6","author":"Waddell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Digital Journalism"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/1077699018815891","article-title":"Can an algorithm reduce the perceived bias of news? Testing the effect of machine attribution on news readers\u2019 evaluations of bias, anthropomorphism, and credibility","volume":"96","author":"Waddell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2020.1851279","article-title":"Moderating uncivil user comments by humans or machines? The effects of moderation agent on perceptions of bias and credibility in news content","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digital Journalism"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036054","article-title":"Botsourcing and outsourcing: Robot, British, Chinese, and German workers are for thinking\u2014not feeling\u2014jobs","volume":"14","author":"Waytz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164413495237","article-title":"Sample size requirements for structural equation models: An evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety","volume":"73","author":"Wolf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092520171204600_zmae019-B94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/ijpor\/edq046","article-title":"Should I stay or should I go: The effects of progress feedback, promised task duration, and length of questionnaire on completing web surveys","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Opinion Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcmc\/article-pdf\/29\/6\/zmae019\/59341760\/zmae019.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcmc\/article-pdf\/29\/6\/zmae019\/59341760\/zmae019.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]],"date-time":"2024-09-25T21:53:04Z","timestamp":1727301184000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcmc\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/jcmc\/zmae019\/7775449"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Adam","family":"Joinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"references-count":94,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcmc\/zmae019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1083-6101"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1083-6101","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"article-number":"zmae019"}}