{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T06:10:59Z","timestamp":1774591859752,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) is a fundamental area in artificial intelligence (AI) research, focusing on encoding world knowledge as logical formulae in ontologies. This formalism enables logic-based AI systems to deduce new insights from existing knowledge. Within KRR, description logics (DLs) are a prominent family of languages to represent knowledge formally. They are decidable fragments of first-order logic, and their models can be visualized as edge- and vertex-labeled directed binary graphs. DLs facilitate various reasoning tasks, including checking the satisfiability of statements and deciding entailment. However, a significant challenge arises in the computation of models of DL ontologies in the context of explaining reasoning results. Although existing algorithms efficiently compute models for reasoning tasks, they usually do not consider aspects of human cognition, leading to models that may be less effective for explanatory purposes. This paper tackles this challenge by proposing an approach to enhance the intelligibility of models of DL ontologies for users. By integrating insights from cognitive science and philosophy, we aim to identify key graph properties that make models more accessible and useful for explanation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jigpal\/jzae088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T02:26:08Z","timestamp":1718763968000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Involving cognitive science in model transformation for description logics"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Willi","family":"Hieke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Systems Neuroscience , Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany, willi.hieke@tu-dresden.de"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Schw\u00f6bel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Cognitive Computational Neuroscience , Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany, sarah.schwoebel@tu-dresden.de"}]},{"given":"Michael N","family":"Smolka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Systems Neuroscience , Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany, michael.smolka@tu-dresden.de"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-10769-6_16","article-title":"Evonne: Interactive proof visualization for description logics (system description)","volume-title":"International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning","author":"Alrabbaa","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref2","first-page":"32","article-title":"Finding small proofs for description logic entailments: Theory and practice","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning, EPiC Series in Computing","author":"Alrabbaa","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3579051.3579060","article-title":"Explaining non-entailment by model transformation for the description logic $\\mathcal{EL}$","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Joint Conference on Knowledge Graphs","author":"Alrabbaa","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref4","first-page":"364","article-title":"Pushing the $\\mathcal{EL}$ envelope","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 19th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Baader","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511711787","volume-title":"The Description Logic Handbook: Theory, Implementation, and Applications","author":"Baader","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781139025355","volume-title":"An Introduction to Description Logic","author":"Baader","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref7","first-page":"52","article-title":"Pinpointing in the description logic $\\mathcal{E\\!L}^{\\mbox{+}}.$","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th Annual German Conference on AI, Lecture Notes in Computer Science","author":"Baader","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24651-0_24","article-title":"Applying formal concept analysis to description logics","volume-title":"International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis","author":"Baader","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Debugging SNOMED CT using axiom pinpointing in the description logic $\\mathcal{EL}$","volume":"2008","author":"Baader","year":"2008","journal-title":"KR-MED"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref10","article-title":"Explaining by example: Model exploration for ontology comprehension","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd International Workshop on Description Logics, CEUR Workshop Proceedings","author":"Bauer","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref11","first-page":"298","article-title":"Polynomial time reasoning in a description logic with existential restrictions, GCI axioms, and - what else?","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th Eureopean Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI)","author":"Brandt","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026032700483242900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044450813-3\/50026-6","volume-title":"Handbook of Automated Reasoning, chap. 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