{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:40:20Z","timestamp":1771893620060,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]],"date-time":"2019-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this paper we argue that normative reasons are hyperintensional and put forward a formal account of this thesis. That reasons are hyperintensional means that a reason for a proposition does not imply that it is also a reason for a logically equivalent proposition. In the first part we consider three arguments for the hyperintensionality of reasons: (i) an argument from the nature of reasons, (ii) an argument from substitutivity and (iii) an argument from explanatory power. In the second part we describe a hyperintensional logic of reasons based on justification logics. Eventually we discuss the philosophical import of this proposal and highlight some limitations and possible developments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jigpal\/jzz012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T15:22:22Z","timestamp":1555341742000},"page":"411-433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A hyperintensional logical framework for deontic reasons"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Federico L G","family":"Faroldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science, Ghent University and Research Foundation, Flanders (FWO), Ghent, 9000 Belgium; JQY Academy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tudor","family":"Protopopescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Borough of Manhattan Community College, The City University of New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref1","first-page":"16","article-title":"An exact truthmaker semantics for obligation and permission","volume-title":"Deontic Logic and Normative Systems","author":"Anglberger","year":"2016"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2687821","article-title":"Explicit provability and constructive semantics","volume":"7","author":"Artemov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bulletin of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755020308090060","article-title":"The logic of justification","volume":"1","author":"Artemov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Review of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11225-012-9387-x","article-title":"The ontology of justifications in the logical setting","volume":"100","author":"Artemov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Studia Logica"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref5","first-page":"27","article-title":"On aggregating probabilistic evidence","volume-title":"Logical Foundations of Computer Science","author":"Artemov","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref6","article-title":"Epistemic modeling with justifications","author":"Artemov","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20451-2_32","article-title":"Justification logic","volume-title":"The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy","author":"Artemov","year":"2016"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref8","first-page":"2","author":"Bader"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118609088","volume-title":"Rationality Through Reasoning","author":"Broome","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/phis.12058","article-title":"Reason versus ought","volume":"25","author":"Broome","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philosophical Issues"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139149136","volume-title":"Metaphysical Grounding. Understanding the Structure of Reality","author":"Correia","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02314421","article-title":"Hyperintensional logic","volume":"34","author":"Cresswell","year":"1974","journal-title":"Studia Logica"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0068.2011.00840.x","article-title":"A reason-based theory of rational choice","volume":"47","author":"Dietrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"No\u00fbs"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref14","article-title":"Choice-theoretic deontic logic","author":"Dietrich","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1215\/00318108-4173412","article-title":"What matters and how it matters: a choice-theoretic representation of moral theories","volume":"126","author":"Dietrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Philosophical Review"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref16","first-page":"635","article-title":"Transparent quantification into hyperintensional objectual attitudes","volume-title":"Synthese","author":"Du\u017e\u00ed","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-03487-0","volume-title":"Hyperintensionality and Normativity","author":"Faroldi","year":"2019"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/1746-8361.12068","article-title":"Permission and possible worlds","volume":"68","author":"Fine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dialectica"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10992-015-9371-9","article-title":"Angellic content","volume":"45","author":"Fine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Philosophical Logic"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118972090.ch22","article-title":"Truthmaker semantics","volume-title":"Blackwell Handbook of Philosophy of Language","author":"Fine"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Logic for exact entailment","volume-title":"Review of Symbolic Logic","author":"Fine","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apal.2004.04.009","article-title":"The logic of proofs, semantically","volume":"132","author":"Fitting","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of Pure and Applied Logic"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref23","first-page":"615","author":"Fitting","year":"2016"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref24","article-title":"Prima facie norms, normative conflicts, and dilemmas","volume-title":"Handbook of Deontic Logic and Normative Systems","author":"Goble","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref25","first-page":"197","article-title":"The iteration of deontic modalities","volume":"9","author":"Goble","year":"1966","journal-title":"Logique et Analyse"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref26","article-title":"Deontic logic: a historical survey and introduction","volume-title":"The Handbook of Deontic Logic and Normative Systems","author":"Hilpinen","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-2567.1970.tb00424.x","article-title":"\u2018Prima facie\u2019 obligations and iterated modalities","volume":"36","author":"Hintikka","year":"1970","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199744077.001.0001","volume-title":"Reasons as Defaults","author":"Horty","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref29","article-title":"The logic of reasons.","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Reasons and Normativity","author":"Horty","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198709008.001.0001","volume-title":"The Impossible. An Essay on Hyperintensionality","author":"Jago","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref31","article-title":"Advances in Modal Logic","volume-title":"Justifications, Ontology, and Conservativity","author":"Kuznets","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"Weighing Reasons","author":"Lord","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199315192.001.0001"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LXXV.300.580","article-title":"Iterated deontic modalities","volume":"75","author":"Marcus","year":"1966","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref34","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Proof Analysis in Deontic Logics","author":"Orlandelli","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755020311000244","article-title":"Preference based on reasons","volume":"5","author":"Osherson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Review of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref36","article-title":"Deontic modality based on preference","author":"Osherson","year":"2014"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref37","first-page":"117","article-title":"A note on some explicit modal logics","author":"Pacuit","year":"2005"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref38","first-page":"30","article-title":"Imperatives and logic","volume":"7","author":"Ross","year":"1941","journal-title":"Theoria"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref39","author":"Rossetti","year":"1997"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/11753728_32","article-title":"Evidence reconstruction of epistemic logic S5","volume-title":"Computer Science\u2014Theory and Applications","author":"Rubtsova","year":"2006"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref41","first-page":"671","article-title":"On realization of S5-modality by evidence terms","volume-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation","author":"Rubtsova","year":"2006"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755020311000104","article-title":"A logic for \u2018because\u2019","volume":"4","author":"Schnieder","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Review of Symbolic Logic"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019080610345739800_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/mind\/LX.237.1","article-title":"Deontic logic","volume":"27","author":"von Wright","year":"1951","journal-title":"Mind"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01063833","article-title":"Norms of higher order","volume":"42","author":"von Wright","year":"1983","journal-title":"Studia Logica"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref45","first-page":"130","article-title":"Norms, truth and logic","volume-title":"Practical Reason","author":"von Wright","year":"1983"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-6077.2006.00116.x","article-title":"Indicative versus subjunctive conditionals, congruential versus non-hyperintensional contexts","volume":"16","author":"Williamson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Philosophical Issues"},{"key":"2019080610345739800_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199552078.001.0001","volume-title":"Modal Logic as Metaphysics","author":"Williamson","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Logic Journal of the IGPL"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jigpal\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jigpal\/jzz012\/28766558\/jzz012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jigpal\/article-pdf\/27\/4\/411\/29102773\/jzz012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T10:58:54Z","timestamp":1565089134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jigpal\/article\/27\/4\/411\/5504820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jigpal\/jzz012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0751","1368-9894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0751","type":"print"},{"value":"1368-9894","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]}}}