{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T13:25:51Z","timestamp":1769693151068,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Nowadays, batteries play an important role in a lot of different applications like energy storage, electro-mobility, consumer electronic and so on. All the battery types have a common factor that is their complexity, independently of its nature. Usually, the batteries have an electrochemical nature. Several different test are accomplished to check the batteries performance, and commonly, it is predictable how they work depending of their technology. The present research describes the hybrid intelligent system created to accomplish fault detection over a Lithium Iron Phosphate\u2014LiFePO4 power cell type, commonly used in electro-mobility applications. The approach is based on the cell temperatures behaviour for voltage and current specific values. Taken into account the operating range of a real system based on a LiFePO4 cell, a large set of points of operation have been used to achieve the dataset. The different behaviour zones have been obtained by clustering as a first step. Then, different regression techniques have been used over each cluster. Polynomial regression, artificial neural networks and support vector regression were the combined techniques to develop the hybrid intelligent model proposed. The intelligent system gives very good results over the operating range, detecting all the faults tested during the validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jigpal\/jzz072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T15:12:27Z","timestamp":1573485147000},"page":"71-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Lithium iron phosphate power cell fault detection system based on hybrid intelligent system"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Luis Casteleiro-Roca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of A Coru\u00f1a, Department of Industrial Engineering, Avda. 19 de febrero s\/n, Ferrol, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Quinti\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of A Coru\u00f1a, Department of Industrial Engineering, Avda. 19 de febrero s\/n, Ferrol, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Luis Calvo-Rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of A Coru\u00f1a, Department of Industrial Engineering, Avda. 19 de febrero s\/n, Ferrol, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan-Albino","family":"M\u00e9ndez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of La Laguna, Department of Computer Science and System Engineering, Avda. Astrof. Francisco S\u00e1nchez s\/n, La Laguna, S\/C de Tenerife, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Javier Perez-Castelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of A Coru\u00f1a, Department of Industrial Engineering, Avda. 19 de febrero s\/n, Ferrol, A Coru\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Corchado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Salamanca, Department of Computer Science and Automatics, Plaza de la Merced s\/n, Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref1","author":"PNGV Battery Test Manual","year":"2001"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref2","author":"LiFeBATT X-1P 8Ah 38123 Cell","year":"2011"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.264","article-title":"Formalization and practical implementation of a conceptual model for PID controller tuning","volume":"13","author":"Alaiz Moret\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Control"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref4","first-page":"467","article-title":"Failure detection and prediction in wind turbines by using scada data","volume":"86","author":"Alvarez-Huerta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dyna"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref5","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (Information Science and Statistics)","author":"Bishop","year":"2006"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref6","first-page":"412","article-title":"ParaTrough: modelica-based simulation library for solar thermal plants","volume":"14","author":"Romera Cabrerizo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial RIAI"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref7","first-page":"24","article-title":"Application of a low cost commercial robot in tasks of tracking of objects","volume":"79","author":"Calvo-Rolle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dyna"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.03.013","article-title":"A hybrid intelligent system for PID controller using in a steel rolling process","volume":"40","author":"Calvo-Rolle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref9","first-page":"401","article-title":"Adaptive inverse control using an online learning algorithm for neural networks","volume":"25","author":"Calvo-Rolle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Informatica Lithuanian Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2013.12.002","article-title":"New approach for the QCM sensors characterization","volume":"207","author":"Casteleiro-Roca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors and Actuators A: Physical"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2014.02.075","article-title":"Bio-inspired model of ground temperature behavior on the horizontal geothermal exchanger of an installation based on a heat pump","volume":"150","author":"Casteleiro-Roca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s17010179","article-title":"Hybrid intelligent system to perform fault detection on BIS sensor during surgeries","volume":"17","author":"Casteleiro-Roca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19719-7_24","article-title":"Modeling the electromyogram (EMG) of patients undergoing anesthesia during surgery","volume-title":"10th International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications","author":"Casteleiro-Roca","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jal.2015.09.007","article-title":"An intelligent fault detection system for a heat pump installation based on a geothermal heat exchanger","volume":"17","author":"Casteleiro-Roca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Logic"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01854-6_25","article-title":"Intelligent model for fault detection on geothermal exchanger of a heat pump","volume-title":"International Joint Conference SOCO\u201913-CISIS\u201913-ICEUTE\u201913","author":"Casteleiro-Roca","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref16","first-page":"1997","article-title":"Modeling, estimation, and control challenges for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"6","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Control Conference (ACC)"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2010.11.026","article-title":"SOM time series clustering and prediction with recurrent neural networks","volume":"74","author":"Cherif","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2006.03.008","article-title":"A study of the effect of heat source location in a ventilated room using multiple regression analysis","volume":"42","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Titulo del articulo","volume":"7","author":"Chukwuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Power Engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa (PowerAfrica), 2012 IEEE"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2013.04.012","article-title":"Detection of locally relevant variables using SOM-NG algorithm","volume":"26","author":"Crespo-Ramos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2015.02.001","article-title":"Fault detection and isolation of bearings in a drive reducer of a hot steel rolling mill","volume":"39","author":"Farina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Control Engineering Practice"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07617-1_49","article-title":"Hybrid intelligent model to predict the SOC of a LFP power cell type","volume-title":"Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Systems: 9th International Conference, HAIS 2014, Salamanca, Spain, June 11\u201313, 2014. Proceedings","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Serantes","year":"2014"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.02.009","article-title":"A novel self-organizing map (SOM) neural network for discrete groups of data clustering","volume":"11","author":"Ghaseminezhad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied Soft Computing"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.01.034","article-title":"Using modified IPA to evaluate supplier\u2019s performance: Multiple regression analysis and DEMATEL approach","volume":"39","author":"Ho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tust.2013.06.003","article-title":"Optimizing overbreak prediction based on geological parameters comparing multiple regression analysis and artificial neural network","volume":"38","author":"Jang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.11.018","article-title":"MRA-based revised CBR model for cost prediction in the early stage of construction projects","volume":"39","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2005.02.012","article-title":"Discriminative clustering","volume":"69","author":"Kaski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1109\/VPPC.2012.6422636","article-title":"Battery impedance emulation for hybrid and electric powertrain testing","volume":"10","author":"Konig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), 2012 IEEE"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2006.10.022","article-title":"A consensus least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) for analysis of near-infrared spectra of plant samples","volume":"72","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref30","first-page":"112","article-title":"Expert system development to assist on the verification of TACAN system performance","volume":"89","author":"Vilar-Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dyna"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref31","article-title":"Multiple regression analysis and mass assessment: A review of the issues","volume":"56","author":"Mark","year":"1988","journal-title":"The Appraisal Journal"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.12.036","article-title":"Efficiency of local models ensembles for time series prediction","volume":"38","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Rego","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref33","first-page":"290","article-title":"Enhancing the prediction stage of a model predictive control systems through meta-classifiers","volume-title":"Dyna","author":"Nieves-Acedo","year":"2013"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPEL.2010.5562425","article-title":"A grid-tie battery energy storage system","volume-title":"Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL), 2010 IEEE 12th Workshop on","author":"Qian","year":"2010"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.12.007","article-title":"Enhanced neural gas network for prototype-based clustering","volume":"38","author":"Qin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.15388\/Informatica.2014.14","article-title":"A hybrid regression system based on local models for solar energy prediction","volume":"25","author":"Quinti\u00e1n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065717500241","article-title":"Beta hebbian learning as a new method for exploratory projection pursuit","volume":"27","author":"Quinti\u00e1n","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Neural Systems"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2017.01.002","article-title":"Beta scale invariant map","volume":"59","author":"Quinti\u00e1n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.6036\/3949","article-title":"Neuro-robust controller for non-linear systems","volume":"86","author":"Rolle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dyna"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0","volume-title":"The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory","author":"Vapnik","year":"1995"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref41","article-title":"Electrical machines","volume-title":"Power Electronics and Power Systems","author":"Vukosavic","year":"2012"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref42","first-page":"1","article-title":"The state of charge estimating methods for battery: A review","volume":"7","author":"Wen-Yeau","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Applied Mathematics"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref43","first-page":"644","article-title":"SVM versus least squares SVM","volume":"2","author":"Ye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research - Proceedings Track"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref44","first-page":"644","article-title":"SVM versus least squares SVM","author":"Ye","year":"2007","journal-title":"In Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2015.06.005","article-title":"Fault detection and isolation of automotive air conditioning systems using first principle models","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Control Engineering Practice"},{"key":"2020012910164775700_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.riai.2016.07.006","volume":"14","author":"Alonso Zotes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Autom\u00e1tica e Inform\u00e1tica Industrial RIAI"}],"container-title":["Logic Journal of the IGPL"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jigpal\/article-pdf\/28\/1\/71\/32219665\/jzz072.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jigpal\/article-pdf\/28\/1\/71\/32219665\/jzz072.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T10:17:41Z","timestamp":1580293061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jigpal\/article\/28\/1\/71\/5691278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jigpal\/jzz072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1367-0751","1368-9894"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1367-0751","type":"print"},{"value":"1368-9894","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]}}}