{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:23:17Z","timestamp":1775254997727,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/ffh033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,13]],"date-time":"2005-09-13T00:13:55Z","timestamp":1126570435000},"page":"1-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Time in a Language Without Tense: The Case of Chinese"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jo-Wang","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB1","unstructured":"Abusch, D. (1988) \u2018Sequence of tense, intensionality, and scope\u2019. Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics7:1\u201314."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB2","unstructured":"Abusch, D. (1994) \u2018Sequence of tense revisited: two semantic accounts of tense in intensional contexts\u2019. In H. Kamp (ed.), Ellipsis, Tense and Questions. Department of Philosophy, University of Amsterdam, 87\u2013139."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abusch, D. (1997) \u2018Sequence of tense and temporal de re\u2019. Linguistics and Philosophy20:1\u201350.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005331423820"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB4","unstructured":"Bohnemeyer, J. & M. Swift (2001) \u2018Default aspect: the semantic interaction of aspectual viewpoint and telicity\u2019. In Proceedings of Perspectives on Aspect, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics (paper downloaded from http:\/\/www-uilots.let.uu.nl\/conferences\/Perspectives_on_Aspect\/P_o_A_index.html)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohnemeyer, J. & M. Swift (2004) \u2018Event realisation and default aspect\u2019. Linguistics and Philosophy27:263\u2013296.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:LING.0000023371.15460.43"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB6","unstructured":"Caudal, P. (1999) \u2018Result states and the lexicon: the proper treatment of event structure\u2019. In Proceedings of the Ninth Meeting of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (EACL'99). University of Bergen. Bergen, Norway, 233\u2013236."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB7","unstructured":"Costa, R. (1972) \u2018Sequence of tense in that-clause\u2019. In P. Peramteau, J. Levi, & G. Phares (eds), Papers from the Eight Regional Meeting. Chicago Linguistic Society, University of Chicago. Chicago, Illinois, 41\u201351."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB8","unstructured":"Dai, Y. (1994) \u2018Le zai biaoshi weilaiyiyi juzi zhong de yongfa [Usage of le in sentences expressing future meaning]\u2019. In Z. Yu (ed.), Xiandai Yuyanxue: Lilun Jianshe De Xin Shikao. Yuwen Chubanshe. Beijing, 115\u2013122."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Depraetere, I. (1996) The Tense System in English Relative Clauses: A Corpus-Based Analysis. Mouton de Gruyter. Berlin.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110869033"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB10","unstructured":"Diesing, M. (1992) Indefinites. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dowty, D. (1979) Word meaning and Montague Grammar. D. Reidel. Dordrecht.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-9473-7"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB12","unstructured":"En\u00e7, M. (1987) \u2018Anchoring conditions for tense\u2019. Linguistic Inquiry18:633\u2013657."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB13","unstructured":"En\u00e7, M. (1991) \u2018The semantics of specificity\u2019. Linguistic Inquiry22:1\u201325."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gennari, S. P. (2003) \u2018Tense meanings and temporal interpretation\u2019. Journal of Semantics20:35\u201371.","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/20.1.35"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB16","unstructured":"Heim, I. (1994) \u2018Comments on Abusch\u2019s theory of tense\u2019. In H. Kamp (ed.), Ellipsis, Tense and Questions. DYANA deliverable R2.2.B. University of Amsterdam. 137\u2013177."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB17","unstructured":"Heim, I. & A. Kratzer (1998) Semantics in Generative Grammar. Basil Blackwell. Oxford."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB18","unstructured":"Hu, J., H. Pan, & L. Xu (2001) \u2018Is there a finite vs. nonfinite distinction in Chinese?\u2019 Linguistics39:1117\u20131148."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB19","unstructured":"Huang, J. C.-T. (1998) Logical Relations in Chinese and the Theory of Grammar. Garland Publishing, Inc. New York."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB20","unstructured":"Huang, L. M. (1988) Aspect: A General System and Its manifestation in Mandarin Chinese. Student Book Company. Taipei."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB21","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. (1998) \u2018Remarks on scope interpretation in Chinese\u2019. In Y. Gu (ed.), Studies in Chinese Linguistics. Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Book Series. 117\u2013142."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB22","unstructured":"Kang, J. (1999) The Composition of the Perfective Aspect in Mandarin Chinese. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Boston University. Boston, MA."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB23","unstructured":"Klein, W. (1994) Time in Language. Routledge. London."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein, W., L. Ping & H. Hendriks (2000) \u2018Aspect and assertion in Mandarin Chinese\u2019. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory18:723\u2013770.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006411825993"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB25","unstructured":"Kong, L. (1986) \u2018Guanyu dongtai zhuci \u2018guo1\u2019 han \u2018guo2\u2019 [On dynamic particles guo1 and guo2]. Zhongguo Yuwen4:272\u2013280."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB26","unstructured":"Kratzer, A. (1994) The Event Argument and the Semantics of Voice. Unpublished MS. University of Massachusetts. Amherst, MA."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kratzer, A. (1998) \u2018More structural analogies between pronouns and tenses\u2019. In D. Strolovitch & A. Lawson (eds), The Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory VIII. CLC Publications. Cornell University. Ithaca, New York, 92\u2013110.","DOI":"10.3765\/salt.v8i0.2808"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB28","unstructured":"Kusumoto, K. (1999) Tense in Embedded Contexts. Ph.D. thesis. University of Massachusetts. Amherst, MA."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lecarme, J. (2004) \u2018Tense in nominals\u2019. In G. & J. Lecarme (eds). The Syntax of Time. MIT Press. Cambridge, MA, 441\u2013476.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6598.003.0019"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, A. Y. (1990) Order and Constituency in Mandarin Chinese. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-1898-6"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB31","unstructured":"Li, T. (1999) The Study of Tense in Modern Chinese. Liaoling University Press. Shenyiang."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB32","unstructured":"Liao, X. (2003) The Study of Result States and the Aspectual-Temporal Meaning of GUO in Mandarin Chinese. Unpublished MA thesis. National Chiao Tung University. Hsinchu, Taiwan."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB33","unstructured":"Lin, J. (2000) \u2018On the temporal meaning of the verbal \u2013le in Mandarin Chinese\u2019. Language and Linguistics1:109\u2013133"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J. (2003a) \u2018Selectional restrictions of tenses and temporal reference of Chinese bare sentences\u2019. Lingua113:271\u2013302.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3841(02)00089-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB35","unstructured":"Lin, J. (2003b) \u2018Aspectual selection and temporal reference of the Chinese aspectual marker \u2013Zhe\u2019. Tsinghua Journal of Chinese Studies32:257\u2013295."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, J. (2003c) \u2018Temporal reference in Mandarin Chinese\u2019. Journal of East Asian Linguistics12:259\u2013311.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023665301095"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB37","unstructured":"Liu, Y. (1988) \u2018Dongtai zhuci \u2018guo1\u2019, \u2018guo2\u2019, \u2018le1\u2019 yongfa bijiao [A comparative study of the dynamic particles guo1, guo2 and le1]\u2019. Yuwen Yanjiu1:6\u201316."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB38","unstructured":"Liu, X. (1997) Guo Ming Ke Yu De Dongtai Wenfa Tixi Ji Dongtaici De Shangjia Dongmao Yuyi [The Grammatical System of Mood in Mandarin Chinese, Southern Min Chinese and Haka Chinese and the Aspectual Meanings of Aspectual Markers]. The Crane Publishing Co., Ltd. Taipei."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB39","unstructured":"Liu, X. (1988) \u2018Xiandai hanyu ciwei \u2018le\u2019 de yufa yiyi\u2019. Zhongguo Yuwen5:321\u2013330."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB40","unstructured":"Magione, L. & D. Li (1993) \u2018A compositional analysis of \u2013guo and \u2013le\u2019. Journal of Chinese Linguistics21:65\u2013122."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB41","unstructured":"Milsark, Gary (1977) Toward an explanation of certain peculiarities of the existential construction in English. Linguistic Analysis3:1\u201329."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB42","unstructured":"Nordlinger, R. & L. Sadler (2001) \u2018Nominal tense with nominal scope: a preliminary sketch\u2019. In M. Butt & T. Holloway King (eds), Proceedings of the LFG01 Conference. CSLI publications. Stanford, CA."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB43","unstructured":"Ogihara, T. (1989) Temporal Reference in English and Japanese. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Distributed by Indian University Linguistics Club. Bloomington."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogihara, T. (1995) \u2018Double-access sentences and reference to states\u2019. Natural Language Semantics3:177\u2013210.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01249837"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogihara, T. (1996) Tense, Attitudes, and Scope. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8609-2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogihara, T. (2004) \u2018Adjectival relatives\u2019. Linguistics and Philosophy27:557\u2013608.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:LING.0000033856.09799.c5"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pancheva, R. (2003) \u2018The aspectual makeup of perfect participles and the interpretations of the perfect\u2019. In A. Alexiadou, M. Rathert, & A. von Stechow (eds), Perfect Explorations. Mouton de Gruyter. 277\u2013306.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110902358.277"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB48","unstructured":"Parsons, T. (1990) Events in the Semantics of English. MIT Press. Cambridge MA."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portner, P. (2002) \u2018Topicality and (non-)specificity in Mandarin\u2019. Journal of Semantics19:275\u2013287.","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/19.3.275"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portner, P. (2003) \u2018The (temporal) semantics and (modal) pragmatics of the perfect\u2019. Linguistics and Philosophy26:459\u2013510.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024697112760"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB51","unstructured":"Ross, C. (1995) \u2018Temporal and aspectual reference in Mandarin Chinese\u2019. Journal of Chinese Linguistics23:87\u2013135."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB52","unstructured":"Shi, Z. (1990) \u2018Decomposition of perfectivity and inchoativity and the meaning of the particle Le in Mandarin Chinese\u2019. Journal of Chinese Linguistics18:95\u2013124."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, S. C. (1997) The Parameter of Aspect. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5606-6"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, S. C. & M. Erbaugh (2005) \u2018Temporal interpretation in Mandarin Chinese\u2019. Linguistics43:713\u2013756.","DOI":"10.1515\/ling.2005.43.4.713"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Stechow, A. (1995a) \u2018On the proper treatment of tense\u2019. In Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory V. CLC Publications. Ithaca, New York. 362\u2013386.","DOI":"10.3765\/salt.v5i0.2700"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB55","unstructured":"von Stechow, A. (1995b) \u2018Tense in intensional context: two semantic accounts of Abusch's theory of tense\u2019. In F. Hamm, J. Kolb, & A. von Stechow (eds), The Blaubeuren Papers: Proceedings of the Workshop on Recent Development in the Theory of Natural Language Semantics. Universt\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen. 379\u2013433."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB56","unstructured":"Stowell, T. (1993) Syntax of Tense. Unpublished MS."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stowell, T. (1996) \u2018The phrase structure of tense\u2019. In J. Roryck & L. Zaring (eds), Phrase Structure and the Lexicon. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 277\u2013291.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8617-7_10"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB59","unstructured":"Wu, J. (1998) \u2018Topic, floating quantifiers, and partitivity\u2019. In P. Tamanji & K. Kusumoto (eds), The Proceedings of NELS 28. GLSA. Amherst, MA."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB60","unstructured":"Wu, J.-S. (2005) \u2018Discontinuity and the semantics of experiential guo in Mandarin\u2019. Paper presented at the third workshop on formal syntax and semantics. April 16\u201317, National Tsinghua University. Hsinchu, Taiwan."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeh, M. (1996) \u2018An analysis of the experiential guoEXP in Mandarin Chinese: a temporal quantifier\u2019. Journal of East Asian Linguistics5:151\u2013182.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215072"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013201332_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zagona, K. (2004) \u2018Measuring out complement clause tenses\u2019. Probus16:273\u2013315.","DOI":"10.1515\/prbs.2004.16.2.273"}],"container-title":["Journal of Semantics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jos\/article-pdf\/23\/1\/1\/4754908\/ffh033.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T16:38:41Z","timestamp":1706546321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jos\/article\/23\/1\/1\/1698974\/Time-in-a-Language-Without-Tense-The-Case-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jos\/ffh033","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-4593","0167-5133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-4593","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0167-5133","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]]}}}