{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T15:16:12Z","timestamp":1771600572845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/ffh036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,11]],"date-time":"2006-02-11T01:13:19Z","timestamp":1139620399000},"page":"185-216","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Meaning and Interpretations of the Japanese Aspect Marker -te-i-"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Atsuko","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Binnick, R. I. (1991) Time and the Verb: A Guide to Tense and Aspect. Oxford University Press. New York.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195062069.001.0001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB2","unstructured":"Boogaart, R. (1999) Aspect and Temporal Ordering: A Contrastive Analysis of Dutch and English. Dissertation, Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB3","unstructured":"Borillo, A., Bras, M. Le Draoulec, A., Molendijk, A., De Swart, H., Verkuyl, H. J., Vet, C., Vetters, C. & Vieu, L. (2004) \u2018Tense and aspect\u2019. In Henri\u00ebtte De Swart and Francis Corblin (eds), Handbook of French Semantics, CSLI Publications. Stanford. 233\u2013350."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Comrie, B. (1985) Tense. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139165815"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Swart, H. (1998) \u2018Aspect shift and coercion\u2019. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory16:347\u2013385.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005916004600"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB6","unstructured":"De Swart, H. & Verkuyl, H. (1999) Tense and Aspect in Sentence and Discourse. ESSLLI. Utrecht."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Depraetere, I. (1995) \u2018On the necessity of distinguishing between (un)boundedness and (a)telicity\u2019. Linguistics and Philosophy18:1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00984959"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dowty, D. R. (1979) Word Meaning and Montague Grammar: The Semantics of Verbs and Times in Generative Semantics and in Montague's PTQ. D. Reidel Publishing Company: Dordrecht & Boston.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-9473-7"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB9","unstructured":"Egg, M. (2005) Flexible Semantics for Reinterpretation Phenomena. CSLI Publications. Stanford."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB10","unstructured":"Fujii, T. (1966) \u2018Dooshi + te iru no imi\u2019. Kokugo Kenjyuushitsu5. Reprinted in Haruhiko Kindaichi (ed.), Nihongo doshi no asupekuto, Mugi Shobo. 1976. Tokyo, 97-116."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB11","unstructured":"Galton, A. (1984) The Logic of Aspect: An Axiomatic Approach. Clarendon Press & Oxford University Press. Oxford & New York."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB12","unstructured":"Hasegawa, Y. (1995) A Study of Japanese Clause Linkage: The Connective TE in Japanese. CSLI. Stanford."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herweg, M. (1991a) \u2018A critical examination of two classical approaches to aspect\u2019. Journal of Semantics8:363\u2013402.","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/8.4.363"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herweg, M. (1991b) \u2018Perfective and imperfective aspect and the theory of events and states\u2019. Linguistics29:969\u20131010.","DOI":"10.1515\/ling.1991.29.6.969"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB15","unstructured":"Igarashi, Y. & Gunji, T. (1998) \u2018The temporal system in Japanese\u2019. In Takao Gunji and Koichi Hashida (eds), Topics in Constraint-based Grammer of Japanese, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht & Boston. 81\u201397."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB16","unstructured":"Inoue, F. (2001) \u2018Undookai-ga \u2018ariyoru\u2019 \u2018attoru\u2019 ni tsuite\u2019. Monbusho kagaku kenkyuuhi hougen-no asupekuto, tensu, muudo taikei henka no sougouteki kenkyuu. Report. Mayumi Kudo et al. (eds). Education Ministry. Tokyo. 51\u201359."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB17","unstructured":"Ishikawa, A. (1985) Complex Predicates and Lexical Operations in Japanese. Dissertation, Stanford University."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB18","unstructured":"Ismail, H. O. (2001) Reasoning and Acting in Time. Dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB19","unstructured":"Jacobsen, W. M. (1991) The Transitive Structure of Events in Japanese. Kurosio Publishers. Tokyo."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamp, H. & Reyle, U. (1993) From Discourse to Logic. Kluwer Academic Press. Dordrecht.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-1616-1"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB21","unstructured":"Kay, P. & Zimmer, K. (1978) On the Semantics of Compounds and Genitives in English. Sixth California Linguistics Association."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB22","unstructured":"Kindaichi, H. (1950) \u2018Kokugo doshi no ichibunrui\u2019. Gengo Kenkyuu 15. Reprint in Kindaichi (eds), Nihongo doshi no asupekuto, Mugi Shobo, Tokyo, 1976. 5\u201326."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB23","unstructured":"Kindaichi, H. (1955) \u2018Nihongo doshi no tensu to asupekuto\u2019. Nagoya Daigaku Kenkyuu Ronshuu X. Reprinted in Haruhiko Kindaichi (ed.), Nihongo doshi no asupekuto, Mugi Shobo Tokyo, 1976. 27\u201361."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB24","unstructured":"Kinsui, S. (1995) \u2018Iwayuru \u201cshinko-tai\u201d ni-tsuite\u2019. In Tsukishima Hiroshi Hakushi Koki Kinen-kai (ed.), Kokugogaku ronshuu: Tsukishima hiroshi hakushi koki kinen, Kyuuko Shoin. Tokyo, 169\u2013197."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB25","unstructured":"Kishie, S. (2001) \u2018Nishi nihonshohoogen asupekuto ni okeru yoru\/toru ni tsuite\u2019. Monbusho kagaku kenkyuuhi \u2018hougen-no asupekuto, tensu, muudo taikei henka no sougouteki kenkyuu\u2019. Report, Mayumi Kudo et al. (ed.)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kita, S. (1999) \u2018Japanese enter\/exit verbs without motion semantics\u2019. Studies in Language23:307\u2013330.","DOI":"10.1075\/sl.23.2.04kit"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB27","unstructured":"Klein, W. (1994) Time in Language. Routledge. London."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB28","unstructured":"Klein, W. (2000) \u2018An analysis of the German perfekt\u2019. Language76:358\u2013382."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koenig, J. P. & Muansuwan, N. (2000) \u2018How to end without ever finishing: Thai semi-perfectivity\u2019. Journal of Semantics17:147\u2013184.","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/17.2.147"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kratzer, A. (1981) \u2018The notional category of modality\u2019. In H. J. Eikmeyer and H. Rieser (eds), Words, Worlds, and Contexts: New Approaches in Word Semantics, Walter de Gruyter. Berlin 38\u201374.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110842524-004"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB31","unstructured":"Krifka, M. (1989) \u2018Nominal referece, temporal constitution and quantification in event semantics\u2019. In R. Bartsch, J. van Benthem & P. van Ende Boas (eds), Semantics and Contextual Expression, Foris Publications. Dordrecht. 75\u2013115."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krifka, M. (1998) \u2018The origins of telicity\u2019. In S. Rothstein (ed.), Events and Grammar, Kluwer. Dordrecht, 197\u2013235.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-3969-4_9"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB33","unstructured":"Krifka, M., Pelletier, F. J., Carlson, G. N., Ter Meulen, A. G. B., Link, G. & Chierchia, G. (1995) \u2018Genericity: An Introduction\u2019. In G. N. Carlson and F. Jeffry Pelletier (eds), The Generic Book, University of Chicago Press. Chicago, 1\u2013124."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB34","unstructured":"Kudo, M. (1995) Asupekuto, Tensu Taikei to Tekusuto: Gendai Nihongo no Jikan no Hyougen. Hituzi Syobo. Tokyo."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB35","unstructured":"Kudo, M. (2001) Monbusho kagaku kenkyuuhi \u2018hougen-no asupekuto, tensu, muudo taikei henka no sougouteki kenkyuu\u2019. Technical report, Education Ministry."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakoff, G. (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226471013.001.0001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f6bner, S. (2002) \u2018Is the german perfekt a perfect perfect?\u2019 In G. Katz, Sabine Reinhart, and Philip Reuter (eds), The Sixth Annual Meeting of the Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Semantik, University of Osnabr\u00fcck, 255\u2013273.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783050081274-015"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB38","unstructured":"Matsumoto, Y. (1990) \u2018On the syntax of Japanese \u2018intransitivizing\u2019 te aru construction: Nonlexical function changing\u2019. Chicago Linguistics Society, 26:277\u2013291. University of Chicago. Chicago."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB39","unstructured":"Matsumoto, Y. (1996) \u2018Subjective-change expressions in Japanese and their cognitive and linguistics bases\u2019. In G. Fauconnier and E. Sweetser (eds), Spaces Worlds and Grammar, University of Chicago Press. Chicago, 124\u2013156."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB40","unstructured":"Matsushita, D. (1928) Hyojun Nihon bunpo. Kigensha. Tokyo."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB41","unstructured":"McCawley, J. D. (1971) \u2018Tense and time reference in English\u2019. In C. J. Fillmore and D. T. Langendoen (eds), Studies in Linguistic Semantics, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. New York."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB42","unstructured":"McClure, W. T. (1995) Syntactic Projections of the Semantics of Aspect. Hituzi Syobo. Tokyo."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB43","unstructured":"McCoard, R. (1978) The English Perfect: Tense Choice and Pragmatic Inferences. North-Holland Publishing Company. Amsterdam."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McDermott, D. (1982) \u2018A temporal logic for reasoning about processes and plans\u2019. Cognitive Science6:101\u2013155.","DOI":"10.1207\/s15516709cog0602_1"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB45","unstructured":"Michaelis, L. A. (1998) Aspectual Grammar and Past-time Reference. Routledge. London, New York."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB46","unstructured":"Murakami, K. (2001) \u2018Kobe-shi to sono shuuhen chiiki ni okeru jakunen-sou no asupekuto ni tsuite\u2019. In Mayumi Kudo (ed.), Hougen-no asupekuto, tensu, muudo taikei henka no soogou-teki kenkyu, 191\u2013198."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muskens, R. (1995) \u2018Tense and the logic of change\u2019. In U. Egli, P. E. Pause, C. Schwarze, A. von Stechow & G\u00f6tz Wienold (eds), Lexical knowledge in the organization of language, John Benjamins Publishing Company. Amsterdam, 147\u2013183.","DOI":"10.1075\/cilt.114.08mus"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB48","unstructured":"Nakhimovsky, A. (1988) \u2018Aspect, aspectual class, and the temporal structure of narrative\u2019. Computational Linguistics14:29\u201343."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB49","unstructured":"Nightingale, S. (1999) Polysemy and Homonymy in Japanese Verbal Alternations. Dissertation, University of Edinburgh."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB50","unstructured":"Nishiyama, A. & Koenig, J.-P. (2004) \u2018What is a perfect state?\u2019 WCCFL23:595\u2013606, Cascadilla Press. University of California, Davis."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB51","unstructured":"Nishiyama, A. & Koenig, J.-P. (To appear) \u2018The perfect in cotnext: A corpus study\u2019. Proceedings of the 29th Penn Linguistics Colloquium, University of Pennsylvania."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB52","unstructured":"Nyan, T. (1998) Metalinguistic Operators with Reference to French. Peter Lang. Berne."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogihara, T. (1996) Tense, Attitudes, and Scope. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dordrecht & Boston.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-8609-2"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogihara, T. (1998) \u2018The ambiguity of the -te iru form in Japanese\u2019. Journal of East Asian Linguistics7:87\u2013120.","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008208219882"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB55","unstructured":"Okuda, Y. (1978) \u2018Asupekuto no kenkyuu o megutte (1), (2) (on the study of aspect).\u2019 Kyoiku Kokugo33\u201344:14\u201327."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB56","unstructured":"Partee, B. (1984a) \u2018Compositionality. Varieties of formal semantics\u2019. In F. Veltman (ed), Proceedings of the fourth Amsterdam colloquium, Foris Publications. Dordrecht, 281\u2013311."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Partee, B. (1984b) \u2018Nominal and temporal anaphora\u2019. Linguistics and Philosophy7:243\u2013286.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00627707"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Portner, P. (1998) \u2018The progressive in modal semantics\u2019. Language74:760\u2013787.","DOI":"10.2307\/417002"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB59","unstructured":"Sandstr\u00f6m, G. (1993) When-Clauses and the Temporal Interpretation of Narrative Discourse. Dissertation, University of Umea."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiffrin, D. (1987) Discourse Markers. Cambridge University Press. New York.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511611841"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shirai, Y. (1998) \u2018When the progressive and the resultative meet imperfective aspect in Japanese, Chinese, Korean and English\u2019. Studies in Language.","DOI":"10.1075\/sl.22.3.06shi"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shirai, Y. (2000) \u2018The semantics of the Japanese imperfective -teiru: An integrative approach\u2019. Journal of Pragmatics32:327\u2013361.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(99)00051-X"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith, C. S. (1997) The Parameter of Aspect. Kluwer, Dordrecht & Boston. 2nd edition.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5606-6"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soga, M. (1983) Tense and Aspect in Modern Colloquial Japanese. University of British Columbia Press. Vancouver.","DOI":"10.59962\/9780774854719"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talmy, L. (2000) Toward a Cognitive Semantics. The MIT Press. Cambridge.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6848.001.0001"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Eijck, J. & Kamp, H. (1997) \u2018Representing discourse in context\u2019. In J. van Benthem & A. G. B. ter Meulen (eds), Handbook of Logic and Language. The MIT Press. Cambridge, 179\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-044481714-3\/50006-0"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vendler, Z. (1957) \u2018Verbs and times\u2019. The Philosophical Review66:143\u2013160.","DOI":"10.2307\/2182371"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB68","unstructured":"Verkuyl, H. J. (1999) Aspectual Issues: Studies on Time and Quantity. CSLI Publications. Stanford."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waugh, L. (1987) \u2018Marking time with the pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9: Toward a theory of the perfect\u2019. Linguisticae Investigationes11:1\u201347.","DOI":"10.1075\/li.11.1.02wau"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20171013184953_BIB70","unstructured":"Yamagata, A. (1998) \u2018The stage-level\/individual-level distinction: An analysis of te-i-.\u2019 Japanese Korean Linguistics, 8:245\u2013258. CSLI Publications. Stanford."}],"container-title":["Journal of Semantics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jos\/article-pdf\/23\/2\/185\/4587256\/ffh036.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T18:25:57Z","timestamp":1736274357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jos\/article\/23\/2\/185\/1620416\/The-Meaning-and-Interpretations-of-the-Japanese"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jos\/ffh036","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-4593","0167-5133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-4593","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0167-5133","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,10]]}}}