{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T20:56:24Z","timestamp":1770065784496,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":99,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this paper, we investigate the temporal interpretation of propositional attitude complement clauses in four typologically unrelated languages: Washo (language isolate), Medumba (Niger-Congo), Hausa (Afro-Asiatic), and Samoan (Austronesian). Of these languages, Washo and Medumba are optional-tense languages, while Hausa and Samoan are tenseless. Just like in obligatory-tense languages, we observe variation among these languages when it comes to the availability of so-called simultaneous and backward-shifted readings of complement clauses. For our optional-tense languages, we argue that a Sequence of Tense parameter is active in these languages, just as in obligatory-tense languages. However, for completely tenseless clauses, we need something more. We argue that there is variation in the degree to which languages make recourse to res-movement, or a similar mechanism that manipulates LF structures to derive backward-shifted readings in tenseless complement clauses. We additionally appeal to cross-linguistic variation in the lexical semantics of perfective aspect to derive or block certain readings. The result is that the typological classification of a language as tensed, optionally tensed, or tenseless, does not alone determine the temporal interpretation possibilities for complement clauses. Rather, structural parameters of variation cross-cut these broad classes of languages to deliver the observed cross-linguistic picture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jos\/ffz008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,6]],"date-time":"2019-05-06T15:18:15Z","timestamp":1557155895000},"page":"407-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Variation in Tense and Aspect, and the Temporal Interpretation of Complement Clauses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"M Ryan","family":"Bochnak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linguistics and English Language, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Hohaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Linguistics and English Language, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Mucha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz-Institut f\u00fcr Deutsche Sprache, Augustaanlage Mannheim Germany"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020042004053837400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005331423820","article-title":"Sequence of tense and temporal de re","volume":"20","author":"Abusch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Linguistics and Philosophy"},{"key":"2020042004053837400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3765\/salt.v18i0.2496","article-title":"Narrative effects in Russian indirect reports and what they reveal about the meaning of the past tense","volume":"18","author":"Altshuler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of Semantics and Linguistic Theory (SALT)"},{"key":"2020042004053837400_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110485912","volume-title":"Events, States and Times: An Essay on Narrative Discourse in 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