{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T05:48:16Z","timestamp":1766382496197,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES\/V000926\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES\/V000926\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This article introduces and explores the 3.5-million-word Victorian Anti-Vaccination Discourse Corpus (VicVaDis). The corpus is intended to provide a (freely accessible) historical resource for the investigation of the earliest public concerns and arguments against vaccination in England, which revolved around compulsory vaccination against smallpox in the second half of the 19th century. It consists of 133 anti-vaccination pamphlets and publications gathered from 1854 to 1906, a span of 53 years that loosely coincides with the Victorian era (1837\u20131901). This timeframe was chosen to capture the period between the 1853 Vaccination Act, which made smallpox vaccination for babies compulsory, and the 1907 Act that effectively ended the mandatory nature of vaccination. After an overview of the historical background, this article describes the rationale, design and construction of the corpus, and then demonstrates how it can be exploited to investigate the main arguments against compulsory vaccination by means of widely accessible corpus linguistic tools. Where appropriate, parallels are drawn between Victorian and 21st-century vaccine-hesitant attitudes and arguments. Overall, this article demonstrates the potential of corpus analysis to add to our understanding of historical concerns about vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqad075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T15:17:40Z","timestamp":1698333460000},"page":"162-174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Victorian anti-vaccination discourse corpus (VicVaDis): construction and exploration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Hardaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YL, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Deignan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education, University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Semino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YL, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Coltman-Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YL, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Dance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YL, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"Demj\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Education, University College London , London WC1H 0AL , United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YL, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Gatherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YL, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University , Lancaster LA1 4YW, United Kingdom"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024040210374431900_fqad075-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqab034","article-title":"Medicine in the \u2018Monthly Review\u2019: Revealing Public Medical Discourse through Topic Modelling\u2019,","volume":"37","author":"Arnold","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities"},{"volume-title":"The English Common Reader: A Social History of the Mass Reading Public","year":"1957","author":"Altick","key":"2024040210374431900_fqad075-B2"},{"volume-title":"AntConc (Version 4.2.0) [Computer Software]","year":"2022","author":"Anthony","key":"2024040210374431900_fqad075-B3"},{"key":"2024040210374431900_fqad075-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/7.1.1","article-title":"Corpus Design and 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