{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T13:30:34Z","timestamp":1756992634152,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]],"date-time":"2023-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This article evaluates word rankings suggested by Ary L. Goldberger, Albert C. Yang, and C. Peng as a means of establishing the authorship of texts in the light of Delta, developed by John Burrows at about the same time. The tests carried out with high ranking function words and results established with the more modern approaches of Rolling Delta, Rolling Classify, and the General Imposters method give clear evidence that word rankings only return crude and unreliable results that cannot keep up with non-traditional modern methods. Even though the stylistic difference between Marlowe and Shakespeare plays could be stated, word rankings failed to recognize Shakespearean stylistics in The Jew of Malta, Edward II, and Doctor Faustus. It was only through the use of z-scores that a wider vocabulary provided a larger degree of differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqad079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T04:06:28Z","timestamp":1699416388000},"page":"185-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Methodological observations concerning word rankings and <i>z<\/i>-score refinements"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1542-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hartmut","family":"Ilsemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"English Department, Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover , Germany"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"AntConc. Version 4.1.1. [Computer software]","year":"2022","author":"Anthony","key":"2024040210371896900_fqad079-B1"},{"key":"2024040210371896900_fqad079-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/17.3.267","article-title":"Delta\u201d: A Measure of Stylistic Difference and a Guide to Likely Authorship","volume":"17","author":"Burrows","year":"2002","journal-title":"Literary and Linguistic Computing"},{"key":"2024040210371896900_fqad079-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-007","article-title":"Stylometry with R: A Package for Computational Text Analysis\u201d, Contributed Research Articles","volume":"8","author":"Eder","year":"2016","journal-title":"The R Journal"},{"year":"2003","author":"Goldberger","key":"2024040210371896900_fqad079-B4"},{"key":"2024040210371896900_fqad079-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqy001","article-title":"Christopher Marlowe: Hype and Hoax","volume":"33","author":"Ilsemann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities"},{"key":"2024040210371896900_fqad079-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqy023","article-title":"Forensic Stylometry","volume":"34","author":"Ilsemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities"},{"key":"2024040210371896900_fqad079-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqaa010","article-title":"The Marlowe Corpus Revisited","volume":"36","author":"Ilsemann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities"},{"key":"2024040210371896900_fqad079-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqab078","article-title":"A Brief Supplement to \u201cThe Marlowe Corpus Revisited\u201d and Phantom Marlowe","volume":"37","author":"Ilsemann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities"}],"container-title":["Digital Scholarship in the Humanities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dsh\/article-pdf\/39\/1\/185\/57134314\/fqad079.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dsh\/article-pdf\/39\/1\/185\/57134314\/fqad079.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T13:49:59Z","timestamp":1712065799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dsh\/article\/39\/1\/185\/7343244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/llc\/fqad079","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2055-7671"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2055-768X"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,3]]}}}