{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T16:00:38Z","timestamp":1768406438613,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The distinction between genre and form is still contested in literary studies. While scholars associated with the New Formalism are criticized for perceiving everything as a form, digital humanists tend to argue that everything is a genre. In this research, we employed machine learning models to classify 36,635 English poems in the Chadwyck-Healey Literature Collections into twenty-seven categories, focusing on their semantic features (lexicons) and prosodic features (meters and rhymes) independently. Our findings reveal that different categories of poetry are distinguished by different groups of characteristics, without a clear-cut division between those driven predominantly by semantic features and those driven predominantly by prosodic features. Instead, poetry categories manifest a combination of semantic and prosodic elements, spanning a spectrum of different strengths in both domains. These findings suggest that the colloquial distinction between \u201cgenre\u201d and \u201cform\u201d is based on real differences between poetic categories, although those differences may not be quite as crisply binary as the vocabulary implies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqae008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T22:38:21Z","timestamp":1709073501000},"page":"i87-i99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Disentangling semantic and prosodic features of English poetry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1308-8422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyi","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of English, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign , Champaign, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B1","author":"Anttila","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqv003","article-title":"\u2018Lines of Succession in an English Ballad Tradition: The Publishing History and Textual Descent of The Wandering Jew\u2019s Chronicle\u2019","volume":"31","author":"Bergel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digital Scholarship in the Humanities"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-137-07177-4_3","volume-title":"Renaissance Literature and Its Formal Engagements","author":"Bruster","year":"2002"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","article-title":"\u2018A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales\u2019","volume":"20","author":"Cohen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Educational and Psychological Measurement"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B5","first-page":"4171","author":"Devlin","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B6","volume-title":"The Norton Anthology of English Literature","author":"Greenblatt","year":"2018","edition":"Tenth edition"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176346577","article-title":"\u2018The Dip Test of Unimodality\u2019","volume":"13","author":"Hartigan","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Annals of Statistics"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B8","author":"Heuser","year":"2022"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B9","first-page":"433","volume-title":"Selected Writings","author":"Jakobson","year":"1979"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1353\/nlh.2021.0012","article-title":"\u2018The Scale of Genre\u2019","volume":"52","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Literary History"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B11","volume-title":"Forms: Whole, Rhythm, Hierarchy, Network","author":"Levine","year":"2015"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491","article-title":"\u2018On a Test of Whether one of Two Random Variables is Stochastically Larger than the Other\u2019","volume":"18","author":"Mann","year":"1947","journal-title":"The Annals of Mathematical Statistics"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B13","volume-title":"The Rise and Fall of Meter: Poetry and English National Culture, 1860\u20131930","author":"Martin","year":"2012"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/14786440109462720","article-title":"\u2018LIII. On Lines and Planes of Closest Fit to Systems of Points in Space\u2019","volume":"2","author":"Pearson","year":"1901","journal-title":"The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B15","first-page":"2825","article-title":"\u2018Scikit-Learn: Machine Learning in Python\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B16","author":"ProQuest LLC","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B17","author":"ProQuest LLC","year":"1996"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0266556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266556","article-title":"\u2018Semantics of European Poetry is Shaped by Conservative Forces: The Relationship Between Poetic Meter and Meaning in Accentual-Syllabic Verse\u2019","volume":"17","author":"\u0160e\u013ca","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B19","first-page":"12","author":"\u0160e\u013ca","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5840\/ajs198643\/422","article-title":"\u2018Meter and Meaning: The Semantic \u201cHalo\u201d of Verse Form in English Romantic Lyrical Poems (Iambic and Trochaic Tetrameter)\u2019","volume":"4","author":"Tarlinskaja","year":"1986","journal-title":"The American Journal of Semiotics"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.12697\/smp.2017.4.2.03","article-title":"Towards the Concept of Semantic Halo","volume":"4","author":"Trunin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Studia Metrica et Poetica"},{"key":"2025011316260520200_fqae008-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226612973.001.0001","volume-title":"Distant Horizons: Digital Evidence and Literary Change","author":"Underwood","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["Digital Scholarship in the Humanities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dsh\/article-pdf\/40\/Supplement_1\/i87\/56773105\/fqae008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dsh\/article-pdf\/40\/Supplement_1\/i87\/56773105\/fqae008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T16:26:21Z","timestamp":1736785581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/dsh\/article\/40\/Supplement_1\/i87\/7615080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement_1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/llc\/fqae008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2055-7671","2055-768X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2055-7671","type":"print"},{"value":"2055-768X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]}}}