{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T03:02:50Z","timestamp":1780455770716,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UCL Fellowship Incubator Awards and the Sir Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chinese Export Watercolours (CEW) is a type of painting created for export to European and North American markets during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which catered to Western consumers\u2019 aesthetic tastes. These paintings blend Chinese and European painting techniques, depict detailed traditional Chinese occupations, customs, plants, animals, architectures, and landscapes of the late Qing Dynasty, and they form a unique artistic style. This article introduces collaborative research between the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&amp;A) and University College London. By focusing on the V&amp;A CEW collection, this article presents a new digital humanities research model for studying Chinese export art, which comprises different parts. First, based on the acquisition archives and digitized images, the study analyses its catalogue metadata and acquisition records to trace the collecting history and documented provenance. Secondly, it classifies 2,350 paintings by themes using deep learning methods. It then conducts semi-automatic image annotation and in-depth analysis to explore the iconographies and their evolution in history. The findings reveal a changing iconography distribution before and after 1840 within the V&amp;A holdings, offering new, collection-based insights into Sino-British cultural interactions and global trade history during this period. The model not only contributes to in-depth analysis of the V&amp;A CEW collection but also provides a new way for future research on Chinese export art and beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/llc\/fqag046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:47:51Z","timestamp":1774529271000},"page":"692-714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A digital humanities approach to Chinese export watercolours: a case study on the Victoria and Albert Museum Collection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6939-6889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Studies, University College London , London WC1E 6BT,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8291-7979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Management, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4175-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiawei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Studies, University College London , London WC1E 6BT,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7007-1654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pedro Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Theatre Studies, School of Arts and Humanities of the University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade , Lisbon 1600-214,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060222091005700_fqag046-B1","author":"British Museum","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026060222091005700_fqag046-B2","volume-title":"China\u2019s Hidden Century","author":"British Museum","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026060222091005700_fqag046-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429505188","volume-title":"The Routledge Companion to Digital Humanities and Art History","author":"Brown","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026060222091005700_fqag046-B4","volume-title":"Glimpses of China through the Export Watercolours of the 18th-19th Centuries: A Selection from the British Museum\u2019s Collection","author":"Carbone","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026060222091005700_fqag046-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811395","volume-title":"Models and Methods in Social Network 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