{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:38:46Z","timestamp":1790285926124,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We introduce a multi-agent logic of explicit, implicit belief and awareness with a semantics using belief bases. The novelty of our approach is that an agent\u2019s awareness is not a primitive but is directly computed from the agent\u2019s belief base. We prove soundness and completeness of the logic relative to the belief base semantics. Furthermore, we provide a polynomial embedding of the logic of propositional awareness into it and a polynomial embedding of our logic into the logic of general awareness. Thanks to the latter embedding, we show that the satisfiability checking problem for our logic is PSPACE complete. Finally, we extend it by the notions of public announcement and private belief expansion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/exac035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T11:34:44Z","timestamp":1648640084000},"page":"1463-1496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A computationally grounded logic of awareness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Lorini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRIT-CNRS, Toulouse University , France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Full and relative awareness: a decidable logic for reasoning about knowledge of unawareness","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge (TARK\u201907)","author":"\u00c5gotnes","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.2307\/2274239","article-title":"On the logic of theory change: partial meet contraction and revision functions","volume":"50","author":"Alchourr\u00f3n","year":"1985","journal-title":"The Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11225-018-9798-4","article-title":"The dynamics of epistemic attitudes in resource-bounded agents","volume":"107","author":"Balbiani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Studia Logica"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107050884","article-title":"Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science","volume-title":"Modal Logic","author":"Blackburn","year":"2001"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref5","volume-title":"The Intentional Stance","author":"Dennett","year":"1987"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00058611","article-title":"Pr\u00e9cis of the intentional stance","volume":"11","author":"Dennett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(87)90003-8","article-title":"Belief, awareness, and limited reasoning","volume":"34","author":"Fagin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008222603071","article-title":"Reasoning about information change","volume":"6","author":"Gerbrandy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Logic, Language, and Information"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1006\/game.2000.0832","article-title":"Alternative semantics for unawareness","volume":"37","author":"Halpern","year":"2001","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(92)90049-4","article-title":"A guide to completeness and complexity for modal logics of knowledge and belief","volume":"54","author":"Halpern","year":"1992","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2007.01.012","article-title":"Interactive unawareness revisited","volume":"62","author":"Halpern","year":"2008","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.2307\/2275221","article-title":"Theory contraction and base contraction unified","volume":"58","author":"Hansson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Logic"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jet.2005.02.007","article-title":"Interactive unawareness","volume":"130","author":"Heifetz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Theory"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geb.2007.07.003","article-title":"A canonical model for interactive unawareness","volume":"62","author":"Heifetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref15","first-page":"753","article-title":"A logic of explicit and implicit distributed belief","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2020)","author":"Herzig","year":"2020"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref16","volume-title":"Knowledge and Belief","author":"Hintikka","year":"1962"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(82)90023-3","article-title":"Variants of uncertainty","volume":"11","author":"Kahneman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref18","volume-title":"A Deduction Model of Belief.","author":"Konolige","year":"1986"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref19","first-page":"198","article-title":"A logic of implicit and explicit belief","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI\u201984","author":"Levesque","year":"1984"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11245-006-9000-x","article-title":"The cognitive structure of surprise: looking for basic principles","volume":"26","author":"Lorini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Topoi: An International Review of Philosophy"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref21","first-page":"1915","article-title":"In praise of belief bases: Doing epistemic logic without possible worlds","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-18)","author":"Lorini","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref22","first-page":"332","article-title":"Exploiting belief bases for building rich epistemic structures","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge (TARK 2019)","author":"Lorini","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2020.103233","article-title":"Rethinking epistemic logic with belief bases","volume":"282","author":"Lorini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref24","first-page":"944","article-title":"Decision procedures for epistemic logic exploiting belief bases","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (AAMAS 2019)","author":"Lorini","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-75775-5_17","article-title":"A computationally grounded logic of graded belief","volume-title":"Logics in Artificial Intelligence: 17th European Conference, JELIA 2021, Virtual Event, May 17\u201320, 2021, Proceedings","author":"Lorini"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00869410","article-title":"How to give it up: a survey of some formal aspects of the logic of theory change","volume":"62","author":"Makinson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01079207","article-title":"Awareness and partitional information structures","volume":"37","author":"Modica","year":"1994","journal-title":"Theory and Decision"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1006\/game.1998.0666","article-title":"Unawareness and partitional information structures","volume":"27","author":"Modica","year":"1999","journal-title":"Games and Economic Behavior"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526664.003","article-title":"Syntax based approaches to belief revision","volume-title":"Belief Revision","author":"Nebel","year":"1992"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-007-9168-7","article-title":"Logics of public communications","volume":"158","author":"Plaza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref31","first-page":"387","article-title":"\u201cJust because\u201d: taking belief bases seriously","volume-title":"Logic Colloquium \u201898: Proceedings of the 1998 ASL European Summer Meeting","author":"Rott","year":"1998"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref32","first-page":"209","article-title":"Models of awareness","volume-title":"Logic and the Foundations of Games and Decisions","author":"Sillari","year":"2008"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020867916902","article-title":"Common ground","volume":"25","author":"Stalnaker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Linguistics and Philosophy"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11229-010-9764-9","article-title":"The dynamics of awareness","volume":"177","author":"van Benthem","year":"2010","journal-title":"Synthese"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2009.330","article-title":"Awareness and forgetting of facts and agents","volume-title":"2009 IEEE\/WIC\/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology","author":"van Ditmarsch","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18026-2_17","article-title":"Becoming aware of propositional variables","volume-title":"Logic and Its Applications","author":"van Ditmarsch","year":"2011"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref37","first-page":"169","article-title":"Semantics for knowledge and change of awareness","volume":"23","author":"van Ditmarsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Logic, Language and Information"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2017.11.004","article-title":"Implicit, explicit and speculative knowledge","volume":"256","author":"van Ditmarsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence"},{"key":"2023090708034363900_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-40948-6_19","article-title":"Explicit and implicit knowledge in neighbourhood models","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Logic, Rationality, and Interaction (LORI 2013)","author":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Quesada","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Journal of Logic and Computation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/logcom\/article-pdf\/33\/6\/1463\/51402165\/exac035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/logcom\/article-pdf\/33\/6\/1463\/51402165\/exac035.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T08:04:48Z","timestamp":1694073888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/logcom\/article\/33\/6\/1463\/6581475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/logcom\/exac035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0955-792X","1465-363X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0955-792X","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-363X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]]}}}