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However, those methods have limited scalability or unnecessary computational resource consumption due to predicting unrelated values. To address these issues, we propose a novel approach that estimates event probabilities based on the distributions of their first occurrence in the time domain. By using Signal Temporal Logic formulas to describe events and applying an algorithm that estimates complex events\u2019 probabilities through simple event occurrence distributions, this study presents an efficient approach that does not depend on high-precision prediction. We evaluate the performance of our method on simulated scenarios of unmanned aerial vehicle motion and autonomous driving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/exae019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T13:15:28Z","timestamp":1713964528000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Estimating event probabilities via signal temporal logic and first occurrence distributions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Siqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610213, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predictive path planning algorithm using Kalman filters and MTL robustness","volume-title":"the 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, SSRR 2018","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1145\/227595.227602","article-title":"The benefits of relaxing punctuality","volume":"43","author":"Alur","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of ACM"},{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref3","article-title":"Probabilistic forecasting for geosteering in fluvial successions using a generative adversarial network","author":"Alyaev","year":"2022","journal-title":"CoRR"},{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref4","first-page":"147","article-title":"Parametric identification of temporal properties","volume-title":"Runtime Verification - Second International Conference, RV 2011","author":"Asarin","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref5","first-page":"207","article-title":"Combining the temporal and epistemic dimensions for MTL monitoring","volume-title":"Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems - 15th International Conference, FORMATS 2017","author":"Asarin","year":"2017"},{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcs.2015.02.046","article-title":"System design of stochastic models using robustness of temporal properties","volume":"587","author":"Bartocci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theoretical Computer Science"},{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref7","volume-title":"Probability and Measure","author":"Billingsley","year":"1979"},{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3444690","article-title":"A review on outlier\/anomaly detection in time series data","volume":"54","author":"Bl\u00e1zquez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"2025042210121890500_ref9","first-page":"4724","article-title":"vadis, action recognition? 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