{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:17:15Z","timestamp":1775128635680,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"D1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["208349\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["208349\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24HG003345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24HG003345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) based at EMBL\u2019s European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) assigns unique symbols and names to human genes. There are over 42,000 approved gene symbols in our current database of which over 19 000 are for protein-coding genes. While we still update placeholder and problematic symbols, we are working towards stabilizing symbols where possible; over 2000 symbols for disease associated genes are now marked as stable in our symbol reports. All of our data is available at the HGNC website https:\/\/www.genenames.org. The Vertebrate Gene Nomenclature Committee (VGNC) was established to assign standardized nomenclature in line with human for vertebrate species lacking their own nomenclature committee. In addition to the previous VGNC core species of chimpanzee, cow, horse and dog, we now name genes in cat, macaque and pig. Gene groups have been added to VGNC and currently include two complex families: olfactory receptors (ORs) and cytochrome P450s (CYPs). In collaboration with specialists we have also named CYPs in species beyond our core set. All VGNC data is available at https:\/\/vertebrate.genenames.org\/. This article provides an overview of our online data and resources, focusing on updates over the last two years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T04:30:00Z","timestamp":1602304200000},"page":"D939-D946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":332,"title":["Genenames.org: the HGNC and VGNC resources in 2021"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1818-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Tweedie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5269-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryony","family":"Braschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamsin E M","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"given":"Ruth\u00a0L","family":"Seal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0AW, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1658-1762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bethan","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8380-5247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elspeth A","family":"Bruford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0AW, UK"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021010313130070100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0669-3","article-title":"Guidelines for human gene nomenclature","volume":"52","author":"Bruford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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