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In view of the importance of PTMs in cellular functions and the massive data accumulated by the rapid development of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, this paper presents an update of dbPTM with over 2 777 000 PTM substrate sites obtained from existing databases and manual curation of literature, of which more than 2 235 000 entries are experimentally verified. This update has manually curated over 42 new modification types that were not included in the previous version. Due to the increasing number of studies on the mechanism of PTMs in the past few years, a great deal of upstream regulatory proteins of PTM substrate sites have been revealed. The updated dbPTM thus collates regulatory information from databases and literature, and merges them into a protein-protein interaction network. To enhance the understanding of the association between PTMs and molecular functions\/cellular processes, the functional annotations of PTMs are curated and integrated into the database. In addition, the existing PTM-related resources, including annotation databases and prediction tools are also renewed. Overall, in this update, we would like to provide users with the most abundant data and comprehensive annotations on PTMs of proteins. The updated dbPTM is now freely accessible at https:\/\/awi.cuhk.edu.cn\/dbPTM\/.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T20:54:10Z","timestamp":1634158450000},"page":"D471-D479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["dbPTM in 2022: an updated database for exploring regulatory networks and functional associations of protein post-translational modifications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Zhongyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"},{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"}]},{"given":"Shangfu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6762-6249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengqi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"}]},{"given":"Jhih-Hua","family":"Jhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"}]},{"given":"Wenshuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"},{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, 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China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoning","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"}]},{"given":"Qifan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"}]},{"given":"Hexiang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen\u00a0518172, 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