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In recent years, the interaction between miRNAs and their target genes has become one of the mainstream directions for drug development. As a large-scale biological database that mainly provides miRNA\u2013target interactions (MTIs) verified by biological experiments, miRTarBase has undergone five revisions and enhancements. The database has accumulated &amp;gt;2\u00a0200\u00a0449 verified MTIs from 13\u00a0389 manually curated articles and CLIP-seq data. An optimized scoring system is adopted to enhance this update\u2019s critical recognition of MTI-related articles and corresponding disease information. In addition, single-nucleotide polymorphisms\u00a0and disease-related variants\u00a0related to the binding efficiency of miRNA and target were characterized in miRNAs and gene 3\u2032 untranslated regions. miRNA expression profiles across extracellular vesicles, blood and different tissues, including exosomal miRNAs\u00a0and tissue-specific miRNAs, were integrated to explore miRNA functions and biomarkers. For the user interface, we have classified attributes, including RNA expression, specific interaction, protein expression and biological function, for various validation experiments related to the role of miRNA. We also used seed sequence information to evaluate the binding sites of miRNA. In summary, these enhancements render miRTarBase as one of the most research-amicable MTI databases that contain comprehensive and experimentally verified annotations. The newly updated version of miRTarBase is now available at https:\/\/miRTarBase.cuhk.edu.cn\/.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T19:13:34Z","timestamp":1635189214000},"page":"D222-D230","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":870,"title":["miRTarBase update 2022: an informative resource for experimentally validated miRNA\u2013target interactions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Hsi-Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Yang-Chi-Dung","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Shidong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Yixian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Jiatong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel 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Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Huali","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei\u00a0230027, China"}]},{"given":"Weijuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"},{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Yini","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong518172, China"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 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