{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T03:53:00Z","timestamp":1779162780969,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"D1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BIOMED1","award":["BIOCT930038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOCT930038"]}]},{"name":"Biotechnology BIOTECH2","award":["BIO4CT960037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIO4CT960037"]}]},{"name":"5th PCRDT Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources","award":["QLG2-2000-01287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QLG2-2000-01287"]}]},{"name":"6th PCRDT Information Science and Technology","award":["FP6 IST-028069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP6 IST-028069"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-LABX-53-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-53-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"R\u00e9gion Occitanie Languedoc-Roussillon"},{"name":"Centre Informatique National de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur"},{"name":"Tr\u00e8s Grand Centre de Calcul"},{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019Energie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives"},{"name":"Institut du d\u00e9veloppement et des ressources en informatique scientifique","award":["036029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["036029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system\u00ae, http:\/\/www.imgt.org\/, is at the forefront of the immunogenetics and immunoinformatics fields with more than 30 years of experience. IMGT\u00ae makes available databases and tools to the scientific community pertaining to the adaptive immune response, based on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY. We focus on the recent features of the IMGT\u00ae databases, tools, reference directories and web resources, within the three main axes of IMGT\u00ae research and development. Axis I consists in understanding the adaptive immune response, by deciphering the identification and characterization of the immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) genes in jawed vertebrates. It is the starting point of the two other axes, namely the analysis and exploration of the expressed IG and TR repertoires based on comparison with IMGT reference directories in normal and pathological situations (Axis II) and the analysis of amino acid changes and functions of 2D and 3D structures of antibody and TR engineering (Axis III).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T12:06:11Z","timestamp":1638101171000},"page":"D1262-D1272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["IMGT\u00ae databases, related tools and web resources through three main axes of research and development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Taciana","family":"Manso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Folch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Giudicelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joumana","family":"Jabado-Michaloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Viviane","family":"Nguefack\u00a0Ngoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Georga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariadni","family":"Papadaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chahrazed","family":"Debbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Perrine","family":"P\u00e9gorier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Bertignac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saida","family":"Hadi-Saljoqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Im\u00e8ne","family":"Chentli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karima","family":"Cherouali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safa","family":"Aouinti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amar","family":"El\u00a0Hamwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Albani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merouane","family":"Elazami\u00a0Elhassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Viart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agathe","family":"Goret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaoussou","family":"Sanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma\u00ebl","family":"Rollin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrice","family":"Duroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2482-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Kossida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System\u00ae, Scientific Research National Center (CNRS), Institute of Human Genetics (IGH), University of Montpellier (UM), Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022010507334595000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00022","article-title":"Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes: IMGT\u00ae and the birth and rise of immunoinformatics","volume":"5","author":"Lefranc","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2022010507334595000_B2","volume-title":"The Immunoglobulin FactsBook","author":"Lefranc","year":"2001"},{"key":"2022010507334595000_B3","volume-title":"The T Cell Receptor FactsBook","author":"Lefranc","year":"2001"},{"key":"2022010507334595000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D413","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1056","article-title":"IMGT\u00ae, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system\u00ae 25 years on","volume":"43","author":"Lefranc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2022010507334595000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2007.09.003","article-title":"IMGT-Kaleidoscope, the formal IMGT-ONTOLOGY paradigm","volume":"90","author":"Duroux","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"2022010507334595000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2012.00079","article-title":"IMGT-ONTOLOGY 2012","volume":"3","author":"Giudicelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. 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