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Even before the recent rapid growth in cryo-EM, there was an expressed community need for a public archive of image data from cryo-EM experiments for validation, software development, testing and training. Concomitantly, the proliferation of 3D imaging techniques for cells, tissues and organisms using volume EM (vEM) and X-ray tomography (XT) led to calls from these communities to publicly archive such data as well. EMPIAR (empiar.org) was developed as a public archive for raw cryo-EM image data and for 3D reconstructions from vEM and XT experiments and now comprises over a thousand entries totalling over 2 petabytes of data. EMPIAR resources include a deposition system, entry pages, facilities to search, visualize and download datasets, and a REST API for programmatic access to entry metadata. The success of EMPIAR also poses significant challenges for the future in dealing with the very fast growth in the volume of data and in enhancing its reusability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T17:34:08Z","timestamp":1666719248000},"page":"D1503-D1511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["EMPIAR: the Electron Microscopy Public Image Archive"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1118-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrii","family":"Iudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5464-7075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul K","family":"Korir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7794-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sriram","family":"Somasundharam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7965-0895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Weyand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7618-3056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesare","family":"Cattavitello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6466-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neli","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1654-0231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osman","family":"Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4670-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard\u00a0J","family":"Kleywegt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7663-9028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ardan","family":"Patwardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton , Cambridgeshire , CB10 1SD , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023032709500866400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2016.07.009","article-title":"Resolution advances in cryo-EM enable application to drug discovery","volume":"41","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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