{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T09:03:23Z","timestamp":1778144603529,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"D1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]],"date-time":"2022-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["208349\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["208349\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24HG003345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24HG003345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) assigns unique symbols and names to human genes. The HGNC database (www.genenames.org) currently contains over 43 000 approved gene symbols, over 19 200 of which are assigned to protein-coding genes, 14 000 to pseudogenes and nearly 9000 to non-coding RNA genes. The public website, www.genenames.org, displays all approved nomenclature within Symbol Reports that contain data curated by HGNC nomenclature advisors and links to related genomic, clinical, and proteomic information. Here, we describe updates to our resource, including improvements to our search facility and new download features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,3]],"date-time":"2022-10-03T09:28:27Z","timestamp":1664789307000},"page":"D1003-D1009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":455,"title":["Genenames.org: the HGNC resources in 2023"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7545-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth L","family":"Seal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton \u00a0CB10 1SD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine , Cambridge \u00a0CB2 0PT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5269-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryony","family":"Braschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton \u00a0CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton \u00a0CB10 1SD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine , Cambridge \u00a0CB2 0PT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamsin E M","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton \u00a0CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1818-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Tweedie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton \u00a0CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"given":"Liora","family":"Haim-Vilmovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton \u00a0CB10 1SD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8380-5247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elspeth A","family":"Bruford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute , Wellcome Genome Campus , Hinxton \u00a0CB10 1SD, UK"},{"name":"Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine , Cambridge \u00a0CB2 0PT, UK"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010804302995300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.10473.1","article-title":"An open and transparent process to select ELIXIR node services as implemented by ELIXIR-UK","volume":"5","author":"Hancock","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0080-8","article-title":"FAIRsharing as a community approach to standards, repositories and policies","volume":"37","author":"Sansone","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.09.004","article-title":"The risks of using unapproved gene symbols","volume":"108","author":"Braschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.2663","article-title":"A standardised nomenclature for long non-coding RNAs","author":"Seal","year":"2022","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D10","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa892","article-title":"Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information","volume":"49","author":"Sayers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D988","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1049","article-title":"Ensembl 2022","volume":"50","author":"Cunningham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D480","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1100","article-title":"UniProt: the universal protein knowledgebase in 2021","volume":"49","author":"Consortium","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1.30.1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.5","article-title":"The genecards suite: from gene data mining to disease genome sequence analyses","volume":"54","author":"Stelzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D212","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa921","article-title":"RNAcentral 2021: secondary structure integration, improved sequence search and new member databases","volume":"49","author":"Consortium","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1115","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab959","article-title":"The UCSC genome browser database: 2022 update","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1038","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1151","article-title":"OMIM.org: leveraging knowledge across phenotype-gene relationships","volume":"47","author":"Amberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1406261","article-title":"ClinGen\u2013the clinical genome resource","volume":"372","author":"Rehm","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B13","first-page":"343","article-title":"GeneTests: an online genetic information resource for health care providers","volume":"94","author":"Pagon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Libr. Assoc."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D704","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz997","article-title":"The monarch initiative in 2019: an integrative data and analytic platform connecting phenotypes to genotypes across species","volume":"48","author":"Shefchek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D981","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1083","article-title":"Mouse genome database (MGD): knowledgebase for mouse-human comparative biology","volume":"49","author":"Blake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B16","first-page":"D731","article-title":"The year of the rat: the rat genome database at 20: a multi-species knowledgebase and analysis platform","volume":"48","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bbab155","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbab155","article-title":"Updates to HCOP: the HGNC comparison of orthology predictions tool","volume":"22","author":"Yates","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brief Bioinform"},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D939","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa980","article-title":"Genenames.org: the HGNC and VGNC resources in 2021","volume":"49","author":"Tweedie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"msac019","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac019","article-title":"Novel classes and evolutionary turnover of histone H2B variants in the mammalian germline","volume":"39","author":"Raman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91863-3","article-title":"Gene duplications and gene loss in the epidermal differentiation complex during the evolutionary land-to-water transition of cetaceans","volume":"11","author":"Holthaus","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103777","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019103777","article-title":"A guide to naming human non-coding RNA genes","volume":"39","author":"Seal","year":"2020","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2022.03.006","article-title":"Cpmer: a new conserved eEF1A2-binding partner that regulates eomes translation and cardiomyocyte differentiation","volume":"17","author":"Lyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-2612","article-title":"SCIRT lncRNA restrains tumorigenesis by opposing transcriptional programs of tumor-initiating cells","volume":"81","author":"Zagorac","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0669-3","article-title":"Guidelines for human gene nomenclature","volume":"52","author":"Bruford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2022.04.017","article-title":"The gene curation coalition: a global effort to harmonize gene-disease evidence resources","volume":"24","author":"DiStefano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202109014","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202109014","article-title":"Consensus nomenclature for dyneins and associated assembly factors","volume":"221","author":"Braschi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10016","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.202010016","article-title":"hu.MAP 2.0: integration of over 15,000 proteomic experiments builds a global compendium of human multiprotein assemblies","volume":"17","author":"Drew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1226","article-title":"NOPCHAP1 is a PAQosome cofactor that helps loading NOP58 on RUVBL1\/2 during box C\/D snoRNP biogenesis","volume":"49","author":"Abel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51182","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202051182","article-title":"ENTREP\/FAM189A2 encodes a new ITCH ubiquitin ligase activator that is downregulated in breast cancer","volume":"23","author":"Tsunoda","year":"2022","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1282","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1010","article-title":"The IUPHAR\/BPS guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2022: curating pharmacology for COVID-19, malaria and antibacterials","volume":"50","author":"Harding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D439","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1061","article-title":"AlphaFold protein structure database: massively expanding the structural coverage of protein-sequence space with high-accuracy models","volume":"50","author":"Varadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04558-8","article-title":"A joint NCBI and EMBL-EBI transcript set for clinical genomics and research","volume":"604","author":"Morales","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01369-0","article-title":"Standardized annotation of translated open reading frames","volume":"40","author":"Mudge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2023010804302995300_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/dvg.22869","article-title":"Cross-organism analysis using intermine","volume":"53","author":"Lyne","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genesis"}],"container-title":["Nucleic Acids Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/51\/D1\/D1003\/48441239\/gkac888.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/51\/D1\/D1003\/48441239\/gkac888.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T23:33:11Z","timestamp":1673134391000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article\/51\/D1\/D1003\/6761747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"D1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkac888","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.742367907.793596569","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0305-1048","1362-4962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1048","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-4962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]]}}}