{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T06:13:49Z","timestamp":1776147229456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl_1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2736,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/2.0\/uk\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]],"date-time":"2009-11-12T20:37:33Z","timestamp":1258058253000},"page":"D5-D16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":359,"title":["Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Sayers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dennis A.","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen H.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kathi","family":"Canese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Chetvernin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Deanna M.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"DiCuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Federhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Feolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lewis Y.","family":"Geer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Helmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Kapustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Landsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Lipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas L.","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Madej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Donna R.","family":"Maglott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aron","family":"Marchler-Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vadim","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ilene","family":"Mizrachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James","family":"Ostell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Panchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kim D.","family":"Pruitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Schuler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stephen T.","family":"Sherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Shumway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Sirotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Slotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Souvorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Grigory","family":"Starchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Tatusova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"John Wilbur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Yaschenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1024","article-title":"GenBank","volume-title":"Nucleic Acids Res.","author":"Benson","year":"2010"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D480","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm882","article-title":"KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment","volume":"36","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D354","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj102","article-title":"From genomics to chemical genomics: new developments in KEGG","volume":"34","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D464","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn751","article-title":"EcoCyc: a comprehensive view of Escherichia coli biology","volume":"37","author":"Keseler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm076","article-title":"COBALT: constraint-based alignment tool for multiple protein sequences","volume":"23","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B7","first-page":"343","article-title":"GeneTests: an online genetic information resource for health care providers","volume":"94","author":"Pagon","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Libr. Assoc."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142905.hg0912s62","article-title":"Internet resources in medical genetics","volume-title":"Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet.","author":"Waggoner","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1047","article-title":"NCBI Peptidome: a new repository for mass spectrometry proteomics data","volume-title":"Nucleic Acids Res.","author":"Ji","year":"2010"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B10","article-title":"The Sequence Read Archive (SRA)\u2013a worldwide resource","volume-title":"Nucleic Acids Res.","author":"Shumway","year":"2010"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(96)66012-1","article-title":"Entrez: molecular biology database and retrieval system","volume":"266","author":"Schuler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","article-title":"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs","volume":"25","author":"Altschul","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W6","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl164","article-title":"BLAST: improvements for better sequence analysis","volume":"34","author":"Ye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1089\/10665270050081478","article-title":"A greedy algorithm for aligning DNA sequences","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Comput. Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.3.440","article-title":"PatternHunter: faster and more sensitive homology search","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B17","first-page":"164","article-title":"Medical Subject Headings in Medlars","volume":"52","author":"Sewell","year":"1964","journal-title":"Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B18","first-page":"5","article-title":"PubMed Central\u2013three years old and growing stronger","volume":"228","author":"Sequeira","year":"2003","journal-title":"ARL"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D26","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl993","article-title":"Entrez Gene: gene-centered information at NCBI","volume":"35","author":"Maglott","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050155","article-title":"Pieces of the puzzle: expressed sequence tags and the catalog of human genes","volume":"75","author":"Schuler","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D793","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn665","article-title":"McKusick's; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)","volume":"37","author":"Amberger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D630","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl940","article-title":"The mouse genome database (MGD): new features facilitating a model system","volume":"35","author":"Eppig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D581","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj086","article-title":"The Zebrafish Information Network: the zebrafish model organism database","volume":"34","author":"Sprague","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D577","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm909","article-title":"Gene Ontology annotations at SGD: new data sources and annotation methods","volume":"36","author":"Hong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-41","article-title":"The COG database: an updated version includes eukaryotes","volume":"4","author":"Tatusov","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D486","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl827","article-title":"FlyBase: genomes by the dozen","volume":"35","author":"Crosby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D32","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn721","article-title":"NCBI Reference Sequences: current status, policy and new initiatives","volume":"37","author":"Pruitt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6150-3-20","article-title":"Splign: algorithms for computing spliced alignments with identification of paralogs","volume":"3","author":"Kapustin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biol. Direct."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(70)90057-4","article-title":"A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins","volume":"48","author":"Needleman","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/15.7.536","article-title":"Complete genomes in WWW Entrez: data representation and analysis","volume":"15","author":"Tatusova","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/gcc.20224","article-title":"The interactive online SKY\/M-FISH & CGH database and the Entrez cancer chromosomes search database: linkage of chromosomal aberrations with the genome sequence","volume":"44","author":"Knutsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Chromosomes Cancer"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0497supp-417","article-title":"A breakpoint map of recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in human neoplasia","volume":"15","author":"Mitelman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B33","article-title":"Protein clusters","volume-title":"Nucleic Acids Res.","author":"Klimke","year":"2009"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04239","article-title":"Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution","volume":"437","author":"Ghedin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2127","article-title":"New models of collaboration in genome-wide association studies: the Genetic Association Information Network","volume":"39","author":"Manolio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.1.308","article-title":"dbSNP: the NCBI database of genetic variation","volume":"29","author":"Sherry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.10296","article-title":"Allelic genes of blood group antigens: a source of human mutations and cSNPs documented in the Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database","volume":"23","author":"Blumenfeld","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W173","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh424","article-title":"The sequencing-based typing tool of dbMHC: typing highly polymorphic gene sequences","volume":"32","author":"Helmberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D599","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj152","article-title":"OMIA (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals): an enhanced platform and integration into the Entrez search interface at NCBI","volume":"34","author":"Lenffer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D885","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn764","article-title":"NCBI GEO: archive for high-throughput functional genomic data","volume":"37","author":"Barrett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1201-365","article-title":"Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME)-toward standards for microarray data","volume":"29","author":"Brazma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl005","article-title":"The MGED Ontology: a resource for semantics-based description of microarray experiments","volume":"22","author":"Whetzel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00658-6","article-title":"GENSAT: a genomic resource for neuroscience research","volume":"3","author":"Geschwind","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02033","article-title":"A gene expression atlas of the central nervous system based on bacterial artificial chromosomes","volume":"425","author":"Gong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0504-483","article-title":"Gene expression nervous system atlas (GENSAT)","volume":"7","author":"Heintz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D298","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl952","article-title":"MMDB: annotating protein sequences with Entrez's; 3D-structure database","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D301","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl971","article-title":"The worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB): ensuring a single, uniform archive of PDB data","volume":"35","author":"Berman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D205","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn845","article-title":"CDD: specific functional annotation with the Conserved Domain Database","volume":"37","author":"Marchler-Bauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(96)80058-3","article-title":"Surprising similarities in structure comparison","volume":"6","author":"Gibrat","year":"1996","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/prot.340230309","article-title":"Threading a database of protein cores","volume":"23","author":"Madej","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proteins"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(00)01561-9","article-title":"Cn3D: sequence and structure views for Entrez","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D257","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj079","article-title":"SMART 5: domains in the context of genomes and networks","volume":"34","author":"Letunic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D247","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkj149","article-title":"Pfam: clans, web tools and services","volume":"34","author":"Finn","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg128","article-title":"The TIGRFAMs database of protein families","volume":"31","author":"Haft","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1021\/pr0499491","article-title":"Open mass spectrometry search algorithm","volume":"3","author":"Geer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D417","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn708","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human protein interaction database at NCBI","volume":"37","author":"Fu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170408060621_B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W623","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp456","article-title":"PubChem: a public information system for analyzing bioactivities of small molecules","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Nucleic Acids Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/38\/suppl_1\/D5\/11218295\/gkp967.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,2]],"date-time":"2018-04-02T10:41:10Z","timestamp":1522665670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/nar\/gkp967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"suppl_1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkp967","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1048","1362-4962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1048","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-4962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]]}}}