{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T07:52:51Z","timestamp":1778226771164,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"D1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viruses represent the most abundant life forms on the planet. Recent experimental and computational improvements have led to a dramatic increase in the number of viral genome sequences identified primarily from metagenomic samples. As a result of the expanding catalog of metagenomic viral sequences, there exists a need for a comprehensive computational platform integrating all these sequences with associated metadata and analytical tools. Here we present IMG\/VR (https:\/\/img.jgi.doe.gov\/vr\/), the largest publicly available database of 3908 isolate reference DNA viruses with 264 413 computationally identified viral contigs from &amp;gt;6000 ecologically diverse metagenomic samples. Approximately half of the viral contigs are grouped into genetically distinct quasi-species clusters. Microbial hosts are predicted for 20 000 viral sequences, revealing nine microbial phyla previously unreported to be infected by viruses. Viral sequences can be queried using a variety of associated metadata, including habitat type and geographic location of the samples, or taxonomic classification according to hallmark viral genes. IMG\/VR has a user-friendly interface that allows users to interrogate all integrated data and interact by comparing with external sequences, thus serving as an essential resource in the viral genomics community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T19:06:40Z","timestamp":1477595200000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["IMG\/VR: a database of cultured and uncultured DNA Viruses and retroviruses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Paez-Espino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.-Min A.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Palaniappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ratner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Chu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Szeto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Pillay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinghua","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Markowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Data Management and Technology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Huntemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. 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Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"McMahon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve J.","family":"Hallam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada"},{"name":"Genome Science, Technology, and Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada"},{"name":"ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 0A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Denef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Cavicchioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Caffrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4V8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang R.","family":"Streit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Webster","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim M.","family":"Handley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghasem H.","family":"Salekdeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Karaj 31535\u20131897, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Tsesmetzis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shell International Exploration and Production Inc., Houston, TX 77082, 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