{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T07:21:47Z","timestamp":1778224907889,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]],"date-time":"2019-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, UAdeC","award":["P\/PFCE-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P\/PFCE-2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The Allele Frequency Net Database (AFND, www.allelefrequencies.net) provides the scientific community with a freely available repository for the storage of frequency data (alleles, genes, haplotypes and genotypes) related to human leukocyte antigens (HLA), killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), major histocompatibility complex Class I chain related genes (MIC) and a number of cytokine gene polymorphisms in worldwide populations. In the last five years, AFND has become more popular in terms of clinical and scientific usage, with a recent increase in genotyping data as a necessary component of Short Population Report article submissions to another scientific journal. In addition, we have developed a user-friendly desktop application for HLA and KIR genotype\/population data submissions. We have also focused on classification of existing and new data into \u2018gold\u2013silver\u2013bronze\u2019 criteria, allowing users to filter and query depending on their needs. Moreover, we have also continued to expand other features, for example focussed on HLA associations with adverse drug reactions. At present, AFND contains &gt;1600 populations from &gt;10 million healthy individuals, making AFND a valuable resource for the analysis of some of the most polymorphic regions in the human genome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz1029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T15:10:52Z","timestamp":1573139452000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":336,"title":["Allele frequency net database (AFND) 2020 update: gold-standard data classification, open access genotype data and new query tools"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Faviel\u00a0F","family":"Gonzalez-Galarza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"McCabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Facility, University of Liverpool, Biosciences building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}]},{"given":"Eduardo\u00a0J\u00a0Melo dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Brazil"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Takeshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Biology Facility, University of Liverpool, Biosciences building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}]},{"given":"Nestor\u00a0D","family":"Ortega-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Glenda\u00a0M Del","family":"Cid-Pavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Torreon, Mexico"}]},{"given":"Kerry","family":"Ramsbottom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}]},{"given":"Gurpreet","family":"Ghattaoraya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2801-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Alfirevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Middleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6118-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew\u00a0R","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019111316342664600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2003.00062.x","article-title":"New allele frequency database: http:\/\/www.allelefrequencies.net\/","volume":"61","author":"Middleton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2019111316342664600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0039-x","article-title":"HLA in transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Montgomery","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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