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However, due to the lack of efficient collection, standardized quality control, and analysis procedures, efficiently integrating and reusing these data remain considerable challenges. Here, we introduce CFEA (http:\/\/www.bio-data.cn\/CFEA), a cell-free epigenome database dedicated to three types of widely adopted epigenetic modifications (5mC, 5hmC and NP) involved in 27 human diseases. We developed bioinformatic pipelines for quality control and standard data processing and an easy-to-use web interface to facilitate the query, visualization and download of these cell-free epigenome data. We also manually curated related biological and clinical information for each profile, allowing users to better browse and compare cfDNA epigenomes at a specific stage (such as early- or metastasis-stage) of cancer development. CFEA provides a comprehensive and timely resource to the scientific community and supports the development of liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for various human diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T19:12:38Z","timestamp":1565896358000},"page":"D40-D44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["CFEA: a cell-free epigenome atlas in human diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Fulong","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325011, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangquan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325011, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center \/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing\u00a0100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325011, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325011, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hengqiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongyan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing\u00a0100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center\/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer\/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing\u00a0100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325011, Zhejiang, China"},{"name":"Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325011, Zhejiang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020010521382440200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2012.45.2011","article-title":"Liquid biopsies: genotyping circulating tumor DNA","volume":"32","author":"Diaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2020010521382440200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1706174","article-title":"Application of cell-free DNA analysis to cancer treatment","volume":"379","author":"Corcoran","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"2020010521382440200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0074-3","article-title":"Clinical potential of circulating tumour DNA in patients receiving anticancer immunotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Cabel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2020010521382440200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5068","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07466-6","article-title":"Comprehensive human cell-type methylation atlas reveals origins of circulating cell-free DNA in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Moss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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