{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T08:42:19Z","timestamp":1776415339512,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"D1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides a large suite of online resources for biological information and data, including the GenBank\u00ae nucleic acid sequence database and the PubMed database of citations and abstracts published in life science journals. The Entrez system provides search and retrieval operations for most of these data from 35 distinct databases. The E-utilities serve as the programming interface for the Entrez system. Custom implementations of the BLAST program provide sequence-based searching of many specialized datasets. New resources released in the past year include a new PubMed interface, a sequence database search and a gene orthologs page. Additional resources that were updated in the past year include PMC, Bookshelf, My Bibliography, Assembly, RefSeq, viral genomes, the prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline, Genome Workbench, dbSNP, BLAST, Primer-BLAST, IgBLAST and PubChem. All of these resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,9]],"date-time":"2019-10-09T23:36:39Z","timestamp":1570664199000},"page":"D9-D16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":398,"title":["Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8394-3802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric W","family":"Sayers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"J Rodney","family":"Brister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Evan E","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Kathi","family":"Canese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Donald C","family":"Comeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Ketter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9828-2074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunghwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Avi","family":"Kimchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Paul A","family":"Kitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Anatoliy","family":"Kuznetsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Lathrop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9998-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"McGarvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Thomas L","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9311-9745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terence D","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Nuala","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Lon","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Valerie A","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Thibaud-Nissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Bart W","family":"Trawick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"Kim D","family":"Pruitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Ostell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Building 38A, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020010521382416700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(96)66012-1","article-title":"Entrez: molecular biology database and retrieval system","volume":"266","author":"Schuler","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D94","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky989","article-title":"GenBank","volume":"47","author":"Sayers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D84","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1078","article-title":"The European Nucleotide Archive in 2018","volume":"47","author":"Harrison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D69","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1002","article-title":"DDBJ update: the Genomic Expression Archive (GEA) for functional genomics data","volume":"47","author":"Kodama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D48","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1097","article-title":"The international nucleotide sequence database collaboration","volume":"46","author":"Karsch-Mizrachi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2005343","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2005343","article-title":"Best Match: New relevance search for PubMed","volume":"16","author":"Fiorini","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D851","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1068","article-title":"RefSeq: an update on prokaryotic genome annotation and curation","volume":"46","author":"Haft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6614","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw569","article-title":"NCBI prokaryotic genome annotation pipeline","volume":"44","author":"Tatusova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D733","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1189","article-title":"Reference sequence (RefSeq) database at NCBI: current status, taxonomic expansion, and functional annotation","volume":"44","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D73","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1226","article-title":"Assembly: a resource for assembled genomes at NCBI","volume":"44","author":"Kitts","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D482","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw1065","article-title":"Virus Variation Resource - improved response to emergent viral outbreaks","volume":"45","author":"Hatcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D23","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1069","article-title":"Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information","volume":"47","author":"Sayers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D571","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1207","article-title":"NCBI viral genomes resource","volume":"43","author":"Brister","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-298","article-title":"Kalign\u2013an accurate and fast multiple sequence alignment algorithm","volume":"6","author":"Lassmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436","article-title":"MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.352","article-title":"dbSNP: a database of single nucleotide polymorphisms","volume":"28","author":"Smigielski","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz856","article-title":"SPDI: data model for variants and applications at NCBI","author":"Holmes","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421","article-title":"BLAST+: architecture and applications","volume":"10","author":"Camacho","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-13-134","article-title":"Primer-BLAST: a tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction","volume":"13","author":"Ye","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W34","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt382","article-title":"IgBLAST: an immunoglobulin variable domain sequence analysis tool","volume":"41","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2016.1216967","article-title":"Getting the most out of PubChem for virtual screening","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Discov."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1202","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv951","article-title":"PubChem substance and compound databases","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1102","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1033","article-title":"PubChem 2019 update: improved access to chemical data","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2020010521382416700_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s13321-019-0375-2","article-title":"PUG-View: programmatic access to chemical annotations integrated in PubChem","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cheminform"}],"container-title":["Nucleic Acids Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/48\/D1\/D9\/31697986\/gkz899.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/48\/D1\/D9\/31697986\/gkz899.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,5]],"date-time":"2020-01-05T21:39:29Z","timestamp":1578260369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article\/48\/D1\/D9\/5585551"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"D1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkz899","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1048","1362-4962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1048","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-4962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]]}}}