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PHI-base contains expertly curated molecular and biological information on genes proven to affect the outcome of pathogen\u2013host interactions reported in peer reviewed research articles. PHI-base also curates literature describing specific gene alterations that did not affect the disease interaction phenotype, in order to provide complete datasets for comparative purposes. Viruses are not included, due to their extensive coverage in other databases. In this article, we describe the increased data content of PHI-base, plus new database features and further integration with complementary databases. The release of PHI-base version 4.8 (September 2019) contains 3454 manually curated references, and provides information on 6780 genes from 268 pathogens, tested on 210 hosts in 13,801 interactions. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens are represented in almost equal numbers. Host species consist of approximately 60% plants (split 50:50 between cereal and non-cereal plants), and 40% other species of medical and\/or environmental importance. The information available on pathogen effectors has risen by more than a third, and the entries for pathogens that infect crop species of global importance has dramatically increased in this release. We also briefly describe the future direction of the PHI-base project, and some existing problems with the PHI-base curation process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,14]],"date-time":"2019-11-14T12:09:32Z","timestamp":1573733372000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["PHI-base: the pathogen\u2013host interactions database"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Urban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alayne","family":"Cuzick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Seager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Systems Biology Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Rutherford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Systems Biology Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa Yagwakote","family":"Venkatesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Connections, Kandala Mansions, Kariappa Road, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru 560 004, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishadi","family":"De\u00a0Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel Carbajo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7582-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Pedro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8886-4772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andy D","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keywan","family":"Hassani-Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9699-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim E","family":"Hammond-Kosack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019111604501409000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004404","article-title":"Hidden Killers: Human fungal infections","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. 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