{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:15:20Z","timestamp":1775607320186,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Investigating antecedents of behaviors, such as wearing face coverings, is critical for developing strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine associations between theory-based behavioral predictors of intention to wear a face covering and actual wearing of a face covering in public.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data from a cross-sectional panel survey of U.S. adults conducted in May and June 2020 (N = 1,004) were used to test a theory-based behavioral path model. We (a) examined predictors of intention to wear a face covering, (b) reported use of cloth face coverings, and (c) reported use of other face masks (e.g., a surgical mask or N95 respirator) in public.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that being female, perceived importance of others wanting the respondent to wear a face covering, confidence to wear a face covering, and perceived importance of personal face covering use was positively associated with intention to wear a face covering in public. Intention to wear a face covering was positively associated with self-reported wearing of a cloth face covering if other people were observed wearing cloth face coverings in public at least \u201crarely\u201d (aOR = 1.43), with stronger associations if they reported \u201csometimes\u201d (aOR = 1.83), \u201coften\u201d (aOR = 2.32), or \u201calways\u201d (aOR = 2.96). For other types of face masks, a positive association between intention and behavior was only present when observing others wearing face masks \u201coften\u201d (aOR = 1.25) or \u201calways\u201d (aOR = 1.48).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intention to wear face coverings and observing other people wearing them are important behavioral predictors of adherence to the CDC recommendation to wear face coverings in public.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaaa109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T15:10:39Z","timestamp":1607613039000},"page":"82-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Theory-based Behavioral Predictors of Self-reported Use of Face Coverings in Public Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4098-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John P","family":"Barile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Sakamaki, Honolulu, HI"},{"name":"Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J","family":"Guerin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiva A","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin H","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea H","family":"Okun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayla L","family":"Vanden Esschert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexiss","family":"Jeffers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian M","family":"Gurbaxani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC COVID-19 Response 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