{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:52:17Z","timestamp":1789084337561,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preventive behaviors continue to play an important role in reducing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to apply the reasoned action approach (RAA) to predict Covid-19 preventive intentions and behavior and to test whether temporal stability moderates relations between RAA constructs and behavior.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A representative sample of UK adults (N = 603) completed measures of RAA variables (i.e., experiential attitudes, instrumental attitudes, injunctive norms, descriptive norms, capacity, autonomy and intention) in relation to six Covid-19 preventive behaviors (i.e., wearing face coverings, social distancing, hand sanitizing, avoiding the three Cs [closed spaces, crowded places, and close contacts], cleaning surfaces, and coughing\/sneezing etiquette) at baseline (December 2020) and after 1 month. Self-reported behavior was assessed at baseline and after 1 and 2 months.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The RAA was predictive of Covid-19 preventive intentions at time 1 and time 2; instrumental attitudes, descriptive norms, and capability were the strongest predictors at each time point. The RAA also predicted subsequent behavior across time points with intention, descriptive norms, and capability the strongest\/most consistent predictors. Temporal stability moderated a number of RAA\u2013behavior relationships including those for intention, descriptive norms, and capability. In each case, the relationships became stronger as temporal stability increased.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Health cognitions as outlined in the RAA provide appropriate targets for interventions to promote Covid-19 preventive intentions and behavior. Moreover, given that continued performance of Covid-19 preventive behaviors is crucial for reducing transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the results highlight the need for consistent messaging from governments and public health organizations to promote positive intentions and maintain preventive behavior.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaac022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T15:41:09Z","timestamp":1656344469000},"page":"769-780","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Does Temporal Stability Moderate Reasoned Action Approach Relations With Covid-19 Preventive Behaviors?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5892-0470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Norman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield , Cathedral Court, 1 Vicar Lane, Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7977-7132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Wilding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6229-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Conner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0001","author":"World Health Organization."},{"issue":"8","key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21257","DOI":"10.2196\/21257","article-title":"Impact of wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing on influenza, enterovirus, and all-cause pneumonia during the coronavirus pandemic: retrospective national epidemiological surveillance study","volume":"22","author":"Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0003","volume-title":"Report 9: Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) to Reduce Covid-19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand.","author":"Ferguson","year":"2020"},{"key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0004","author":"GOV.UK Coronavirus (COVID-19) in the UK"},{"key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0005","volume-title":"German Covid-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO)\u2014Welle 17 (21.07.2020)","author":"Betsch"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0286","article-title":"Change in reported adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions during the Covid-19 pandemic, April\u2013November 2020","volume":"325","author":"Crane","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0007","author":"Office for National Statistics"},{"key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0887-9","article-title":"Applying principles of behaviour change to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission","volume":"4","author":"West","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0009","volume-title":"Predicting and Changing Behavior: The Reasoned Action Approach.","author":"Fishbein","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-016-9798-4","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the reasoned action approach (RAA) to understanding health behaviors","volume":"50","author":"McEachan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.3390\/su13105331","article-title":"Factors influencing the adoption of Covid-19 preventive behaviors in Chile","volume":"13","author":"Bronfman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"13","key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7009","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137009","article-title":"Factors affecting Covid-19 preventive behaviors among university students in Beijing, China: an empirical study based on the extended theory of planned behaviour","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2022080214492073400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e042954","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042954","article-title":"How can the uptake of preventive behaviour during the Covid-19 outbreak be improved? 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