{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:26:24Z","timestamp":1791915984672,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006831","name":"United States Air Force","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#18-282-59MDW-C19002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#18-282-59MDW-C19002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006831","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK104872"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK104872"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postpartum weight retention is associated with adverse health among both civilian and military women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The current study evaluated a stepped-care weight management intervention, Moms Fit 2 Fight, adapted for use in a pregnant and postpartum military population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Active duty women and other TRICARE beneficiaries (N = 430) were randomized to one of three conditions: gestational weight gain only (GWG-only) intervention (n =144), postpartum weight loss only (PPWL-only) intervention (n =142), or a combined GWG + PPWL intervention (n = 144). Those participants who received the PPWL intervention (i.e., the PPWL-only and GWG+PPWL conditions) were combined consistently with the pre-registered protocol and compared to those participants who did not receive the PPWL intervention in the primary analyses. Primary outcome data (i.e., postpartum weight retention) were obtained at 6-months postpartum by unblinded data collectors, and intent-to-treat analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Retention at 6-months postpartum was 88.4%. Participants who received the PPWL intervention retained marginally less weight (1.31 kg) compared to participants that received the GWG-only intervention (2.39 kg), with a difference of 1.08 kg (p = .07). None of the measured covariates, including breastfeeding status, were significantly associated with postpartum weight retention. Of the participants who received the PPWL intervention, 48.1% participants returned to their pre-pregnancy weight at 6-months postpartum, with no significant differences compared to those who received the GWG-only intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A behavioral intervention targeting diet and physical activity during the postpartum period had a trend for reduced postpartum weight retention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trial information<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 03057808).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaad014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,16]],"date-time":"2023-04-16T07:04:37Z","timestamp":1681628677000},"page":"836-845","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Postpartum Weight Loss-focused Stepped-care Intervention in a Military Population: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3774-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"P\u00e9rez-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Memphis , Memphis, TN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion E","family":"Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, TN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2611-2193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline","family":"Andres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children\u2019s Nutrition Center , Little Rock, AR , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1314-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C","family":"Klesges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Wayne Talcott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA"},{"name":"Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center , San Antonio, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0562-4010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-5177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa M","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9981-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean R","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9306-0907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoran","family":"Bursac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami , FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9193-2783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca A","family":"Krukowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20566","article-title":"Obesity and the US military family","volume":"21","author":"Tanofsky-Kraff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.008326","article-title":"Associations of gestational weight gain with maternal body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure measured 16 y after pregnancy: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)","volume":"93","author":"Fraser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12034","article-title":"Association between weight gain during pregnancy and postpartum weight retention and obesity: a bias-adjusted meta-analysis","volume":"71","author":"Mannan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2019-0015","article-title":"Correlation between pregnancy related weight gain, postpartum weight loss and obesity: a prospective study","volume":"12","author":"Nartea","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Med Life."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00394","article-title":"Compliance with regulations on weight gain 6 months after delivery in active duty military women","volume":"178","author":"Chauhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120201174","article-title":"Preventing Obesity in the Military Community (POMC): the development of a clinical trials research network","volume":"12","author":"Spieker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2019.09.001","article-title":"Healthy behaviors and incidence of overweight and obesity in military veterans","volume":"39","author":"Bookwalter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0008","first-page":"e227","article-title":", Postpartum fitness and body mass index changes in active duty Navy women","volume":"185","author":"Rogers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0009","first-page":"245","article-title":"Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later","volume":"100","author":"Rooney","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a018001","article-title":"Epidemiology of gestational weight gain and body weight changes after pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Gunderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev."},{"key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0011","volume-title":"Physical Activity Patterns and Satisfaction With Fitness Facilities Among Military Members and Their Families","author":"Harrison","year":"1998"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.11.020","article-title":"Weight loss and lifetime medical expenditures: a case study with TRICARE prime beneficiaries","volume":"40","author":"Dall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001003","article-title":"Association of spouse deployment on pregnancy outcomes in a US military population","volume":"126","author":"Tarney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0014","first-page":"363","article-title":"Military spouses with deployed partners are at greater risk of poor perinatal mental health: a scoping review","volume":"165","author":"Godier-McBard","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Mil Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-22.2.120","article-title":"Cost associated with being overweight and with obesity, high alcohol consumption, and tobacco use within the military health system\u2019s TRICARE prime\u2014enrolled population","volume":"22","author":"Dall","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot."},{"issue":"8","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1093\/nutrit\/nuy024","article-title":"Targeting the postpartum period to promote weight loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Dodd","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.84","article-title":"The Look AHEAD study: a description of the lifestyle intervention and the evidence supporting it","volume":"14","author":"Look AHEAD Research Group","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0048","article-title":"Reduction in weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: one-year results of the look AHEAD trial","volume":"30","author":"Look AHEAD Research Group","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"10","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22293","article-title":"Dissemination of the Look AHEAD intensive lifestyle intervention in the United States military: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Krukowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2014.12.014","article-title":"Dissemination of the Look AHEAD intensive lifestyle intervention in the United States Air Force: study rationale, design and methods","volume":"40","author":"Krukowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"issue":"10","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23523","article-title":"An interim analysis of a gestational weight gain intervention in military personnel and other TRICARE beneficiaries","volume":"30","author":"Estevez Burns","year":"2022","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21330","article-title":"Design of lifestyle intervention trials to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in women with overweight or obesity","volume":"24","author":"Clifton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e133e8228","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.8228","article-title":"Effectiveness of SmartMoms, a novel ehealth intervention for management of gestational weight gain: randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"5","author":"Redman","year":"2017","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2018.09.012","article-title":"Moms fit 2 fight: rationale, design, and analysis plan of a behavioral weight management intervention for pregnant and postpartum women in the US military","volume":"74","author":"Fahey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14457-2","article-title":"Changes in self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity among pregnant TRICARE Beneficiaries","volume":"22","author":"Pebley","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-1159-6","article-title":"Are early first trimester weights valid proxies for preconception weight","volume":"16","author":"Krukowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.070151","article-title":"Does behavioral intervention in pregnancy reduce postpartum weight retention? Twelve-month outcomes of the Fit for Delivery randomized trial","volume":"99","author":"Phelan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"issue":"23","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7119","article-title":"Effect of an internet-based program on weight loss for low-income postpartum women: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"317","author":"Phelan","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"18","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3308","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980015000828","article-title":"Breast-feeding and postpartum weight retention: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.132","article-title":"The relationship between breastfeeding and postpartum weight change\u2014a systematic review and critical evaluation","volume":"38","author":"Neville","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Obesity."},{"key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0031","volume-title":"Statistical Analysis with Missing Data","author":"Little","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22250","article-title":"Lifestyle interventions limit gestational weight gain in women with overweight or obesity: LIFE-Moms prospective Meta-Analysis","volume":"26","author":"Peaceman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"issue":"1","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-019-0410-4","article-title":"One-year postpartum anthropometric outcomes in mothers and children in the LIFE-Moms lifestyle intervention clinical trials","volume":"44","author":"Phelan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Obesity."},{"issue":"9","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803307","article-title":"Changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease by baseline weight status in young adults who maintain or gain weight over 15 years: the CARDIA study","volume":"30","author":"Truesdale","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Obesity."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.171.6.534","article-title":"Effects of pregnancy on the army physical fitness test","volume":"171","author":"Weina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1859","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-17-00093","article-title":"Effect of pregnancy on performance of a standardized physical fitness test","volume":"182","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-12-00248","article-title":"Changes in Air Force fitness measurements pre-and post-childbirth","volume":"177","author":"Armitage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy199","article-title":"Characteristics associated with participation in a behavioral weight loss randomized control trial in the US military","volume":"184","author":"Fahey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22512","article-title":"Measurement equivalence of e-scale and in-person clinic weights","volume":"27","author":"Pebley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"issue":"6","key":"2024041500104337000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0131926","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131926","article-title":"Blinded outcome assessment was infrequently used and poorly reported in open trials","volume":"10","author":"Kahan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One."}],"container-title":["Annals of Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-pdf\/57\/10\/836\/51541208\/kaad014.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-pdf\/57\/10\/836\/51541208\/kaad014.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:11:09Z","timestamp":1713139869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article\/57\/10\/836\/7123776"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abm\/kaad014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-6612","1532-4796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-6612","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-4796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]}}}