{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:47:27Z","timestamp":1777394847012,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes is associated with disability development. Healthy behaviors and psychosocial support can help patients manage their disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the role of various behavioral and psychological factors in buffering the effect of diabetes on disability development over time in Taiwanese adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on 5,131 adults aged \u226550 years were obtained from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. A cohort sequential multilevel design was employed to analyze the association between behavioral and psychosocial factors and the risk of disability over a 11-year period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In patients with diabetes, having social support and exercising more than six times a week were associated with 4% and 49% reductions in the risk of disability, respectively (\u03b2diabetes*socialsupport = \u22120.285, p = .006; \u03b2diabetes*exercise3 = \u22122.612, p = .007). Exercising more than six times a week had an additional significant protective effect against disability development per year (\u03b2diabetes*exercises3*age = \u22120.241, p = .038). Depression did not significantly interact with diabetes. However, a trajectory analysis revealed that individuals who had both diabetes and depression had the highest disability score from middle age among all participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Engaging in frequent exercise is the most influential factor for reducing the risk of disability in patients with diabetes. Social support provides an additional benefit for disability prevention in individuals with diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaad038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T17:32:08Z","timestamp":1691429528000},"page":"1046-1057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Behavioral and Psychological Factors in Buffering Diabetes-related Disability Development"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yi-Hsuan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Lun","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lee\u2019s Endocrinology Clinic , Pingtung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yau-Jiunn","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Lee\u2019s Endocrinology Clinic , Pingtung , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching-Ju","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10159","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"James","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.12.003","article-title":"Diabetes-related change in physical disability from midlife to older adulthood: evidence from 1996\u20132003 Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan","volume":"91","author":"Chiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12659","article-title":"Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and disability: what is the contribution of diabetes risk factors and diabetes complications","volume":"10","author":"Tabesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes."},{"key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109114","article-title":"How does diabetes accelerate normal aging? An examination of ADL, IADL, and mobility disability in middle-aged and older adults with and without diabetes","volume":"182","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13680","article-title":"Diabetes-related lower-extremity complications are a leading cause of the global burden of disability","volume":"35","author":"Lazzarini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabet Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2014.08.018","article-title":"Physical function and disability in older adults with diabetes","volume":"31","author":"de Rekeneire","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1614","article-title":"Global disability burdens of diabetes-related lower-extremity complications in 1990 and 2016","volume":"43","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-04896-w","article-title":"Diabetes-multimorbidity combinations and disability among middle-aged and older adults","volume":"34","author":"Qui\u00f1ones","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0007","article-title":"Trajectory of disability in older adults with newly diagnosed diabetes: role of elevated depressive symptoms","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.09.007","article-title":"Disability, more than multimorbidity, was predictive of mortality among older persons aged 80 years and older","volume":"63","author":"Landi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glw071","article-title":"Trajectories of lower extremity physical performance: effects on fractures and mortality in older women","volume":"71","author":"Barbour","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gerontol A: Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0091217419837412","DOI":"10.1177\/0091217419837412","article-title":"Depression and risk of disability pension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Amiri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.02.016","article-title":"Chronic conditions, disability, and quality of life in older adults with multimorbidity in Spain","volume":"26","author":"Forjaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14024","DOI":"10.2196\/14024","article-title":"Comparing a social and communication app, telephone intervention, and usual care for diabetes self-management: 3-arm quasiexperimental evaluation study","volume":"8","author":"Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02183-z","article-title":"The role of religious coping and social support on medication adherence and quality of life among the elderly with type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Saffari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2000","article-title":"Associations between changes in depressive symptoms and social support and diabetes management among low-income, predominantly hispanic patients in patient-centered care","volume":"41","author":"Oh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2025466","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.25466","article-title":"Association of the Mediterranean diet with onset of diabetes in the Women\u2019s Health Study","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00523-4","article-title":"Intake of 12 food groups and disability-adjusted life years from coronary heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer in 16 European countries","volume":"34","author":"Schwingshackl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0381-5","article-title":"Diet and exercise in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Magkos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2018.33.e60","article-title":"Diabetes, frequency of exercise, and mortality over 12 years: analysis of the national health insurance service-health screening (NHIS-HEALS) database","volume":"33","author":"Shin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci."},{"key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11556-018-0190-1","article-title":"Exercise or physical activity and cognitive function in adults with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance or impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Rev Aging Phys Act"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2018.11.001","article-title":"Exercise and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1428","article-title":"Participating in mental, social, and physical leisure activities and having a rich social network reduce the incidence of diabetes-related dementia in a cohort of Swedish older adults","volume":"42","author":"Marseglia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S343926","article-title":"The association of the prevalence of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus with visual-related quality of life and social support","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2337\/ds17-0056","article-title":"Effects of social support network size on mortality risk: considerations by diabetes status","volume":"31","author":"Loprinzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectr"},{"key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-018-0342-5","article-title":"The effectiveness of stress management training on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Zamani-Alavijeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1986820","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1986820","article-title":"The impact of mindfulness-based stress reduction on emotional wellbeing and glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"2018","author":"Armani Kian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1159\/000519194","article-title":"Association between stress-coping strategy and functional disability in the general older adult population: The Takashima study","volume":"68","author":"Takashima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerontology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2018.39.3.137","article-title":"The bidirectional relationship between diabetes and depression: a literature review","volume":"39","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Fam Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30405-X","article-title":"Cerebral microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression","volume":"8","author":"van Sloten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0007","article-title":"Trajectory of disability in older adults with newly diagnosed diabetes: role of elevated depressive symptoms","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"8","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2017.03.003","article-title":"Diabetes, depressive symptoms, and functional disability in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study","volume":"31","author":"Kalyani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1314-4","article-title":"Depressive symptom trajectories in the first 10 years of diabetes diagnosis: antecedent factors and link with future disability in Taiwan","volume":"52","author":"Chiu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.06.026","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes, depressive symptoms and disability over a 15-year follow-up period in older Mexican Americans living in the southwestern United States","volume":"32","author":"Salinas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu113","article-title":"Comorbidity and functional trajectories from midlife to old age: the Health and Retirement Study","volume":"70","author":"Stenholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gerontol A: Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00580-2","article-title":"Evaluating the quality of self-reports of hypertension and diabetes","volume":"56","author":"Goldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2307\/3349677","article-title":"An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States","volume":"54","author":"Nagi","year":"1976","journal-title":"Milbank Mem Fund Q Health Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2015.1004160","article-title":"Social connections and happiness among the elder population of Taiwan","volume":"19","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1963.03060120024016","article-title":"Studies of illness in the aged: The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function","volume":"185","author":"Katz","year":"1963","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"3_Part_1","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/9.3_Part_1.179","article-title":"Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"9","author":"Lawton","year":"1969","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-016-9770-3","article-title":"The short-and long-term effects of psychobehavioral correlates in buffering diabetes-related cognitive decline","volume":"50","author":"Chiu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.10.007","article-title":"Cognitive function and associated factors among older people in Taiwan: age and sex differences","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0043","first-page":"383","article-title":"Psychometric properties of a short form of the CES-D used in the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Formos J Ment Health"},{"key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.01.016","article-title":"Diabetes and disability in older Australians: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study","volume":"126","author":"Koye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnq069","article-title":"Physical disability trajectories in older Americans with and without diabetes: the role of age, gender, race or ethnicity, and education","volume":"51","author":"Chiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontologist."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-02838-6","article-title":"Trends and biopsychosocial correlates of physical disabilities among older men and women in Taiwan: examination based on ADL, IADL, mobility, and frailty","volume":"22","author":"Chiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/1165280","article-title":"Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models","volume":"23","author":"Singer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Educ Behav Stat"},{"key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0048","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Guidelines for Selecting the Covariance Structure in Mixed Model Analysis","author":"Kincaid","year":"2005"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0200681","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200681","article-title":"Dietary and physical activity recommendations to prevent type 2 diabetes in South Asian adults: a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Muilwijk","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2018-0240","article-title":"Functional exercise improves mobility performance in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Gretebeck","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.5042","article-title":"Trajectories of social support in adults with type 2 diabetes: associations with depressive symptoms and functional disability","volume":"34","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21944","article-title":"Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: social support as a mediator","volume":"46","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1824-0","article-title":"Importance of proximity to resources, social support, transportation and neighborhood security for mobility and social participation in older adults: results from a scoping study","volume":"15","author":"Levasseur","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0371-2","article-title":"Effects of three types of exercise interventions on healthy old adults\u2019 gait speed: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Hortob\u00e1gyi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg028","article-title":"Social engagement and disability in a community population of older adults: the New Haven EPESE","volume":"157","author":"Mendes de Leon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"15","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0056","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world","volume":"317","author":"Friedrich","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988708320971","article-title":"Depression, disability and intermediate pathways: a review of longitudinal studies in elders","volume":"21","author":"Schillerstrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15020321","article-title":"Mindfulness-based Baduanjin exercise for depression and anxiety in people with physical or mental illnesses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2015.11.010","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, serious psychological distress, diabetes distress and cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Winchester","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.09.014","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus in Taiwan: analysis of the 2000\u20132009 Nationwide Health Insurance database","volume":"111","author":"Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2101","article-title":"Estimating the delay between onset and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes from the time course of retinopathy prevalence","volume":"37","author":"Porta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023111702390721400_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.03.017","article-title":"Multiple imputation of missing values was not necessary before performing a longitudinal mixed-model analysis","volume":"66","author":"Twisk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Annals of Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-pdf\/57\/12\/1046\/53478305\/kaad038.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-pdf\/57\/12\/1046\/53478305\/kaad038.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,24]],"date-time":"2024-10-24T14:18:56Z","timestamp":1729779536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article\/57\/12\/1046\/7238291"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abm\/kaad038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-6612","1532-4796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-6612","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-4796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]}}}