{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:15:20Z","timestamp":1789755320562,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006545","name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 R21 MD013490-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 R21 MD013490-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006545","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000871","name":"Mayo Clinic","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19AMFDP35040005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19AMFDP35040005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2 TR002379"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2 TR002379"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDC-DP18-1817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDC-DP18-1817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01MD015388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01MD015388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32AT003378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32AT003378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>African-American (AA) women are less likely to achieve ideal cardiovascular (CV) health compared with women of other racial\/ethnic subgroups, primarily due to structural and psychosocial barriers. A potential psychosocial construct relevant to ideal CV health is the superwoman schema (SWS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored whether the SWS was associated with perceived stress, CV risk factors, and overall CV health among AA women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional analysis of the FAITH! Heart Health+ Study was conducted among AA women with high cardiometabolic risk. Pearson correlation evaluated associations between SWS and CV risk factors (e.g., stress, hypertension, diabetes, etc.). The 35-item SWS questionnaire includes five domains. Stress was measured by the 8-item Global Perceived Stress Scale (GPSS). CV health was assessed using the American Heart Association Life\u2019s Simple 7 (LS7) rubric of health behaviors\/biometrics. Data acquisition spanned from February to August 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 38 women included in the analysis (mean age 54.3 [SD 11.5] years) had a high CV risk factor burden (71.1% hypertension, 76.3% overweight\/obesity, 28.9% diabetes, 39.5% hyperlipidemia). Mean GPSS level was 7.7 (SD 5.2), CV health score 6.7 (SD 1.8), and SWS score 60.3 (SD 18.0). Feeling an \u201cobligation to help others\u201d and \u201cobligation to present an image of strength\u201d had strongest correlations with GPSS score among all SWS domains (r = 0.51; p = .002 and r = 0.39; p = .02, respectively). Correlation among the SWS domains and traditional CV risk factors was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that an obligation to help others and to project an image of strength could be contributing to stress among AA women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaae047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T21:24:02Z","timestamp":1722288242000},"page":"863-868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Associations Between the Superwoman Schema, Stress, and Cardiovascular Health Among African-American Women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Ashley N","family":"Kyalwazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6245-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl L","family":"Woods-Giscombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-2368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarence","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hue-Man Partnership , Minneapolis, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3129-362X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharonne N","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6707-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christi A","family":"Patten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6468-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LaPrincess C","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Health Equity and Community Engagement Research, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, MN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2020.8868","article-title":"Health equity among black women in the United States","volume":"30","author":"Chinn","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037689","article-title":"Why are young black women at high risk for cardiovascular disease","volume":"139","author":"Kalinowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000349","article-title":"Reducing disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality","volume":"61","author":"Howell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060199","article-title":"Disparities in cardiovascular mortality between black and white adults in the United States, 1999 to 2019","volume":"146","author":"Kyalwazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-021-03181-9","article-title":"Examining the role of psychosocial influences on Black Maternal Health during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Carvalho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1086\/714544","article-title":"Reversing the gains of the civil rights and women\u2019s movements: how housing strain and market exclusion led to wealth depletion during the great recession","volume":"12","author":"West","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Soc Soc Work Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732310361892","article-title":"Superwoman schema: African American women\u2019s views on stress, strength, and health","volume":"20","author":"Woods-Giscomb\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Health Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaaa015","article-title":"Race and gender differences in the association between experiences of everyday discrimination and arterial stiffness among patients with coronary heart disease","volume":"54","author":"Bromfield","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s12170-013-0338-5","article-title":"Cumulative psychological stress and cardiovascular disease risk: a focused review with consideration of black-white disparities","volume":"7","author":"Albert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.053730","article-title":"American Heart Association\u2019s Life\u2019s Simple 7: lifestyle recommendations, polygenic risk, and lifetime risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"145","author":"Hasbani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28024","DOI":"10.2196\/28024","article-title":"Improvements in diet and physical activity\u2013related psychosocial factors among African Americans using a mobile health lifestyle intervention to promote cardiovascular health: The FAITH! (Fostering African American Improvement in Total Health) App pilot study","volume":"9","author":"Cyriac","year":"2021","journal-title":"JMIR MHealth UHealth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059046","article-title":"Community-based, cluster-randomized pilot trial of a cardiovascular mobile health intervention: preliminary findings of the FAITH! Trial","volume":"146","author":"Brewer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"107600","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2024.107600","article-title":"Rationale, design, and participant characteristics of the FAITH! Heart Health+ study: an exploration of the influence of the social determinants of health, stress, and structural racism on African American cardiovascular health","volume":"143","author":"Lalika","year":"2024","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14188","article-title":"Racial discrimination, the superwoman schema, and allostatic load: exploring an integrative stress-coping model among African American women","volume":"1457","author":"Allen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2019.1584654","article-title":"The Giscombe Superwoman Schema Questionnaire: psychometric properties and associations with mental health and health behaviors in African American women","volume":"40","author":"Woods-Giscombe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs."},{"key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0016","author":"U.S. Department of Labor Blog"},{"key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0017","author":"Center for American Progress"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2020.09.011","article-title":"Perceptions of superwoman schema and stress among African American women with pre-diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Sheffield-Abdullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001309","article-title":"Network stressors, personal stressors, and ambulatory blood pressure in African-American women\u2014Does superwoman schema play a role","volume":"42","author":"Lewis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026041420203906200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnac005","article-title":"Superwoman schema, racial identity, and cellular aging among African American women","volume":"62","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gerontologist."}],"container-title":["Annals of Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-pdf\/58\/12\/863\/60693003\/kaae047.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-pdf\/58\/12\/863\/60693003\/kaae047.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:41:38Z","timestamp":1776213698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article\/58\/12\/863\/7746702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abm\/kaae047","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-6612","1532-4796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-6612","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-4796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]}}}