{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T19:56:38Z","timestamp":1783799798285,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"WSU Psychology Department"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cannabis use in the United States is increasing and research is needed to understand factors contributing to decisions to use. Features of cannabis product labels communicating product content may influence health perceptions and willingness to use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tested how individuals who use cannabis respond to different cannabinoid content and the inclusion of a visual aid to communicate cannabinoid potency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a 3 (within-subjects: THC-dominant, CBD-dominant, and equal THC:CBD ratio)\u2005\u00d7\u20052 (between-subjects: numeric information vs numeric information plus visual aid) mixed experimental design administered online through Prolific.com. Participants (N\u2005=\u2005431) evaluated cannabis product packages on perceived health harms and benefits and likelihood to purchase and use cannabis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relative to other products, CBD-dominant products were evaluated as least harmful, most beneficial, and least likely to purchase or use (all Ps\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005005; ds 0.10-0.68) while THC-dominant products were evaluated as most harmful, least beneficial, and most likely to purchase and use (all Ps\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.02; ds 0.11-0.68). Perceptions did not vary based on the inclusion of a visual aid (Ps\u2005&amp;gt;\u2005.10). In a parallel mediation model, cannabinoid content was indirectly associated with likelihood to use through perceived benefits (b = \u2212.14, CI = \u2212.22, \u2212.07) but not perceived harms (b = \u2212.01, CI = \u2212.04, .07).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Communicating about cannabinoid content could have intended and unintended consequences. Cannabinoid content contributed to product health perceptions and willingness to purchase and use; visual depictions of cannabinoid content did not. Perceived benefits of cannabis could be a valuable intervention target to reduce potential harm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaaf046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:40:24Z","timestamp":1747993224000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cannabinoid content on product labels influences cannabis health perceptions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-3624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua L","family":"Stanz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver , Vancouver , Washington 98686 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0997-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin O","family":"Ladd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver , Vancouver , Washington 98686 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7120-2206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee E","family":"Magnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver , Vancouver , Washington 98686 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadr.2024.100253","article-title":"Prevalence of and trends in current cannabis use among US youth and adults, 2013\u20132022","volume":"12","author":"Mattingly","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend Rep"},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2023.107617","article-title":"Adult use of highly-potent \u03949-THC cannabis concentrate products by U.S. state cannabis legalization status, 2021","volume":"140","author":"Hasin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.26.2.136","article-title":"Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behavior: the example of vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Brewer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033065","article-title":"Does heightening risk appraisals change people\u2019s intentions and behavior? A meta-analysis of experimental studies","volume":"140","author":"Sheeran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Bull."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.22-00395","article-title":"Perceptions of health risks and benefits of cannabis use among college students: prevalence and associations with cannabis use","volume":"84","author":"Malain","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1177\/0025802420934255","article-title":"Cannabis knowledge and implications for health: considerations regarding the legalization of non-medical cannabis","volume":"60","author":"Zamengo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Sci Law."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106799","article-title":"Homegrown perceptions about the medical use and potential abuse of CBD and THC","volume":"115","author":"McFadden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2022.107508","article-title":"Perceptions about THC and CBD effects among adults with and without prior cannabis experience","volume":"137","author":"Spinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Addict Behav."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.07.037","article-title":"The impacts of potency, warning messages, and price on preferences for Cannabis flower products","volume":"74","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1111\/joca.12325","article-title":"Cannabis packaging: an opportunity for facilitating informed decisions","volume":"55","author":"Al-Hamdani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Consum Aff"},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12399-9","article-title":"Drivers of purchase decisions for cannabis products among consumers in a legalized market: a qualitative study","volume":"22","author":"Donnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103645","article-title":"Cannabis edibles packaging: communicative objects in a growing market","volume":"103","author":"Ventresca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2020.0079","article-title":"Requirements for cannabis product labeling by U.S. state","volume":"7","author":"Kruger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107843","article-title":"Cannabis labelling and consumer understanding of THC levels and serving sizes","volume":"208","author":"Leos-Toro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0230167","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0230167","article-title":"Mapping cannabis potency in medical and recreational programs in the United States","volume":"15","author":"Cash","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0267498","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267498","article-title":"The phytochemical diversity of commercial Cannabis in the United States","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13092","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13092","article-title":"Effects of cannabidiol in cannabis flower: implications for harm reduction","volume":"27","author":"Gibson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Biol."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-022-00344-z","article-title":"Worry as a mechanism of the relationship between perceived new knowledge and discouragement to smoke elicited from graphic cigarette warnings","volume":"45","author":"Magnan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Behav Med."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000455","article-title":"Self-reported symptoms of cannabis use disorder: psychometric testing and validation","volume":"29","author":"Richards","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2025.2449726","article-title":"Cognitive and affective responses to the U.S. FDA E-cigarette addiction warning and advertisements among young adults in California: product design, imagery, and use","author":"Magnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Health Commun."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764219859633","article-title":"Conditional process analysis: concepts, computation, and advances in the modeling of the contingencies of mechanisms","volume":"64","author":"Hayes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Behav Sci"},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0022","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Stat"},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.26828\/cannabis.2019.02.001","article-title":"\u201cIt\u2019s All Good\u201d: perceived benefits but not perceived risks or worries among adult marijuana users","volume":"2","author":"Magnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cannabis"},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1387","article-title":"Review of human studies assessing cannabidiol\u2019s (CBD) therapeutic actions and potential","volume":"59","author":"White","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X17666190603171901","article-title":"Cannabidiol adverse effects and toxicity","volume":"17","author":"Huestis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000527","article-title":"Brief interventions for cannabis use in healthcare settings: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized trials","volume":"14","author":"Imtiaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Addict Med."},{"key":"2025122310115775700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20200351","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-0351","article-title":"Brief behavioral interventions for substance use in adolescents: a meta-analysis","volume":"146","author":"Steele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics."}],"container-title":["Annals of Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-pdf\/59\/1\/kaaf046\/63568364\/kaaf046.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article-pdf\/59\/1\/kaaf046\/63568364\/kaaf046.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T15:20:59Z","timestamp":1766503259000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/abm\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/abm\/kaaf046\/8172510"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/abm\/kaaf046","relation":{},"ISSN":["0883-6612","1532-4796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0883-6612","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-4796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"kaaf046"}}